Ideas from 'Phaedo' by Plato [374 BCE], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Complete Works' by Plato (ed/tr Cooper,John M.) [Hackett 1997,0-87220-349-2]].
green numbers give full details |
back to texts
|
expand these ideas
1. Philosophy / A. Wisdom / 1. Nature of Wisdom
354
|
Wisdom makes virtue and true goodness possible
|
1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 5. Aims of Philosophy / b. Philosophy as transcendent
370
|
Philosophy is a purification of the soul ready for the afterlife
|
2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 3. Pure Reason
350
|
In investigation the body leads us astray, but the soul gets a clear view of the facts
|
24226
|
The soul on its own enters a pure, unchanging and eternal realm, and experiences wisdom
|
2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 7. Status of Reason
362
|
The greatest misfortune for a person is to develop a dislike for argument
|
2. Reason / C. Styles of Reason / 1. Dialectic
24264
|
Cebes responds critically to every idea he hears
|
2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 3. Question Begging
24276
|
If you want to discover facts, don't muddle the start of enquiry with its conclusion
|
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 4. Using Numbers / f. Arithmetic
13155
|
If you add one to one, which one becomes two, or do they both become two?
|
8. Modes of Existence / A. Relations / 2. Internal Relations
21347
|
If Simmias is taller than Socrates, that isn't a feature that is just in Simmias
|
8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 6. Platonic Forms / a. Platonic Forms
360
|
We must have a prior knowledge of equality, if we see 'equal' things and realise they fall short of it
|
24270
|
If we perceive equals, we need prior knowledge of the equal in itself
|
24230
|
The Forms arise whenever we talk of something 'in itself'.
|
24225
|
Things like the Equal and the Beautiful, which are real, must be unchanging
|
8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 6. Platonic Forms / b. Partaking
368
|
Other things are named after the Forms because they participate in them
|
24227
|
One and one can only become two by sharing in Twoness
|
1
|
There is only one source for all beauty
|
8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 6. Platonic Forms / d. Forms critiques
24275
|
Whether things are large or small needs the Forms of largeness and smallness
|
9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 9. Ship of Theseus
16516
|
The ship which Theseus took to Crete is now sent to Delos crowned with flowers
|
12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 3. Innate Knowledge / b. Recollection doctrine
357
|
People are obviously recollecting when they react to a geometrical diagram
|
359
|
If we feel the inadequacy of a resemblance, we must recollect the original
|
12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 6. A Priori from Reason
9343
|
To achieve pure knowledge, we must get rid of the body and contemplate things with the soul
|
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 1. Perception
24272
|
Philosophy reveals that the senses are extremely deceptive
|
13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 1. Justification / b. Need for justification
24271
|
If a man knows something, he can give an account of it
|
14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / g. Causal explanations
15859
|
To investigate the causes of things, study what is best for them
|
14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / k. Explanations by essence
24279
|
We no longer explain a hot body by 'heat', but by its containing fire
|
15. Nature of Minds / A. Nature of Mind / 8. Brain
13154
|
Do we think and experience with blood, air or fire, or could it be our brain?
|
15. Nature of Minds / C. Capacities of Minds / 7. Seeing Resemblance
24269
|
When lovers see a beloved's lyre, they immediately think of the beloved
|
16. Persons / D. Continuity of the Self / 1. Identity and the Self
364
|
One soul can't be more or less of a soul than another
|
18. Thought / D. Concepts / 1. Concepts / b. Concepts in philosophy
24278
|
Threeness brings up oddness, which won't admit evenness
|
22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 3. Pleasure / e. Role of pleasure
361
|
It is a mistake to think that the most violent pleasure or pain is therefore the truest reality
|
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 3. Virtues / b. Temperance
24266
|
Normal temperance - scorn and control of desires - needs contempt of the body, and wisdom
|
24267
|
Well-ordering is not temperance; it is just fear of pleasure becoming excessive
|
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 4. External Goods / c. Wealth
351
|
War aims at the acquisition of wealth, because we are enslaved to the body
|
25. Social Practice / F. Life Issues / 4. Suicide
24262
|
Sometimes, and for some people, death is better than life
|
24263
|
We belong to the gods, and only kill ourselves if they indicate some necessity
|
26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 2. Types of cause
13156
|
Fancy being unable to distinguish a cause from its necessary background conditions!
|
26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 8. Scientific Essentialism / a. Scientific essentialism
24277
|
Snow ceases to be snow if it admits the hot; it is the same if fire admits the cold
|
27. Natural Reality / E. Cosmology / 1. Cosmology
369
|
If the Earth is spherical and in the centre, it is kept in place by universal symmetry, not by force
|
29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 2. Immortality / a. Immortality
24268
|
It is a common fear that the soul may entirely disperse immediately after death
|
24273
|
Simmias fears that the beautiful soul is attunement of the body, and dies with it
|
363
|
Whether the soul pre-exists our body depends on whether it contains the ultimate standard of reality
|
24274
|
Critias thinks soul survives death into another body, but that process may still terminate
|
29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 2. Immortality / d. Heaven
24265
|
After death I expect to join the wise gods, and good men
|