Ideas of Thomas Mautner, by Theme

[Australian, fl. 1996, Lecturer at Australian National University.]

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1. Philosophy / F. Analytic Philosophy / 5. Linguistic Analysis

6887	Linguistic philosophy approaches problems by attending to actual linguistic usage

1. Philosophy / F. Analytic Philosophy / 7. Limitations of Analysis

6881	Analytic philosophy studies the unimportant, and sharpens tools instead of using them

1. Philosophy / H. Continental Philosophy / 3. Hermeneutics

5439	The 'hermeneutic circle' says parts and wholes are interdependent, and so cannot be interpreted

2. Reason / D. Definition / 4. Real Definition

9959	'Real' definitions give the essential properties of things under a concept

2. Reason / D. Definition / 7. Contextual Definition

9961	'Contextual definitions' replace whole statements, not just expressions

2. Reason / D. Definition / 9. Recursive Definition

9958	Recursive definition defines each instance from a previous instance

2. Reason / D. Definition / 10. Stipulative Definition

9960	A stipulative definition lays down that an expression is to have a certain meaning

2. Reason / D. Definition / 11. Ostensive Definition

9957	Ostensive definitions point to an object which an expression denotes

2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 5. Fallacy of Composition

6219	The fallacy of composition is the assumption that what is true of the parts is true of the whole

4. Formal Logic / E. Nonclassical Logics / 4. Fuzzy Logic

6888	Fuzzy logic is based on the notion that there can be membership of a set to some degree

5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 6. Entailment

6877	Entailment is logical requirement; it may be not(p and not-q), but that has problems

5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 7. Strict Implication

6880	Strict implication says false propositions imply everything, and everything implies true propositions

5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 8. Material Implication

6879	'Material implication' is defined as 'not(p and not-q)', but seems to imply a connection between p and q

6878	A person who 'infers' draws the conclusion, but a person who 'implies' leaves it to the audience

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 1. Bivalence

6889	Vagueness seems to be inconsistent with the view that every proposition is true or false

5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 1. Quantification

6890	Quantifiers turn an open sentence into one to which a truth-value can be assigned

10. Modality / B. Possibility / 9. Counterfactuals

6885	Counterfactuals are true if in every world close to actual where p is the case, q is also the case

6882	Counterfactuals presuppose a belief (or a fact) that the condition is false

6884	Counterfactuals say 'If it had been, or were, p, then it would be q'

6886	Counterfactuals are not true, they are merely valid

6883	Maybe counterfactuals are only true if they contain valid inference from premisses

10. Modality / C. Sources of Modality / 6. Necessity from Essence

5449	Essentialism is often identified with belief in 'de re' necessary truths

11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 3. Fallibilism

6898	Fallibilism is the view that all knowledge-claims are provisional

12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 4. Sense Data / a. Sense-data theory

6452	'Sense-data' arrived in 1910, but it denotes ideas in Locke, Berkeley and Hume

14. Science / C. Induction / 5. Paradoxes of Induction / a. Grue problem

4783	Observing lots of green x can confirm 'all x are green' or 'all x are grue', where 'grue' is arbitrary [PG]

14. Science / C. Induction / 5. Paradoxes of Induction / b. Raven paradox

4782	'All x are y' is equivalent to 'all non-y are non-x', so observing paper is white confirms 'ravens are black' [PG]

19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 9. Indexical Semantics

6899	The references of indexicals ('there', 'now', 'I') depend on the circumstances of utterance

20. Action / C. Motives for Action / 5. Action Dilemmas / b. Double Effect

6896	Double effect is the distinction between what is foreseen and what is intended

6897	Double effect acts need goodness, unintended evil, good not caused by evil, and outweighing

22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / e. Human nature

5452	'Essentialism' is opposed to existentialism, and claims there is a human nature