green numbers give full details.
|
back to list of philosophers
|
expand these ideas
Ideas of Susan A. Gelman, by Text
[American, fl. 2003, Professor of Psychology at the University of Michigan.]
|
01 'Background'
|
p.15
|
15685
|
Essentialism is either natural to us, or an accident of our culture, or a necessary result of language
|
|
01 'Essentialist'
|
p.7
|
15679
|
Essentialism comes from the cognitive need to categorise
|
|
01 'Intro'
|
p.3
|
15678
|
Essentialism says categories have a true hidden nature which gives an object its identity
|
|
01 'Prelims'
|
p.7
|
15680
|
Folk essentialism rests on belief in natural kinds, in hidden properties, and on words indicating structures
|
|
01 'Prelims'
|
p.8
|
15681
|
Essentialism: real or representational? sortal, causal or ideal? real particulars, or placeholders?
|
|
01 'Prelims'
|
p.11
|
15682
|
Even fairly simple animals make judgements based on categories
|
|
01 'Prelims'
|
p.13
|
15683
|
Sortals are needed for determining essence - the thing must be categorised first
|
|
01 'Prelims'
|
p.13
|
15684
|
Children's concepts include nonobvious features, like internal parts, functions and causes
|
|
02 'Privileged'
|
p.55
|
15686
|
Labels may indicate categories which embody an essence
|
|
03 'Summary'
|
p.88
|
15687
|
Kinship is essence that comes in degrees, and age groups are essences that change over time
|
|
05 'Causation'
|
p.109
|
15688
|
Categories are characterized by distance from a prototype
|
|
05 'Causation1'
|
p.109
|
15689
|
Theory-based concepts use rich models to show which similarities really matter
|
|
05 'Causation2'
|
p.116
|
15690
|
Causal properties are seen as more central to category concepts
|
|
06 'Essentialism'
|
p.151
|
15696
|
Peope favor historical paths over outward properties when determining what something is
|
|
06 'Essentialism'
|
p.152
|
15697
|
Kind (unlike individual) essentialism assumes preexisting natural categories
|
|
06 'Intro'
|
p.136
|
15691
|
Children accept real stable categories, with nonobvious potential that gives causal explanations
|
|
06 'Is essentialism'
|
p.142
|
15692
|
People tend to be satisfied with shallow explanations
|
|
06 'The role'
|
p.143
|
15693
|
One sample of gold is enough, but one tree doesn't give the height of trees
|
|
06 'The role'
|
p.147
|
15694
|
Children overestimate the power of a single example
|
|
06 'The role'
|
p.150
|
15695
|
Children make errors in induction by focusing too much on categories
|
|
07 'Conclusions'
|
p.175
|
15698
|
We found no evidence that mothers teach essentialism to their children
|
|
08 'Intro'
|
p.179
|
15700
|
In India, upper-castes essentialize caste more than lower-castes do
|
|
08 'Intro'
|
p.179
|
15699
|
Prelinguistic infants acquire and use many categories
|
|
08 'Naming'
|
p.189
|
15701
|
Nouns seem to invoke stable kinds more than predicates do
|
|
09 'Theory'
|
p.266
|
15702
|
Essentialism doesn't mean we know the essences
|
|
09 'Theory'
|
p.269
|
15703
|
Memories often conform to a theory, rather than being neutral
|
|
10 'Figuring'
|
p.286
|
15704
|
Essentialism starts from richly structured categories, leading to a search for underlying properties
|
|
11 'Broadening'
|
p.312
|
15707
|
There is intentional, mechanical, teleological, essentialist, vitalist and deontological understanding
|
|
11 'Broadening'
|
p.316
|
15708
|
Inductive success is rewarded with more induction
|
|
11 'Discussion'
|
p.324
|
15709
|
Essentialism is useful for predictions, but it is not the actual structure of reality
|
|
11 'Intro'
|
p.296
|
15705
|
Essentialism encourages us to think about the world scientifically
|
|
11 'Is essentialism'
|
p.299
|
15706
|
A major objection to real essences is the essentialising of social categories like race, caste and occupation
|