1871 | The Birth of Tragedy |
p.10 | 7848 | Philosophy begins in the horror and absurdity of existence [Ansell Pearson] |
1872 | On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense |
p.88 | 20363 | Leaves are unequal, but we form the concept 'leaf' by discarding their individual differences |
1873 | Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks |
p.7 | p.40 | 20130 | It is absurd to think you can change your own essence, like a garment |
1873 | Unpublished Writings 1872-74 |
19 [024] | p.9 | 14859 | If philosophy controls science, then it has to determine its scope, and its value |
19 [028] | p.10 | 14860 | Kant has undermined our belief in metaphysics |
19 [052] | p.21 | 14861 | Philosophy ennobles the world, by producing an artistic conception of our knowledge |
19 [076] | p.28 | 14862 | Philosophy is more valuable than much of science, because of its beauty |
19 [086] | p.32 | 14863 | Unlike science, true wisdom involves good taste |
19 [110] | p.38 | 14864 | The Greeks lack a normative theology: each person has their own poetic view of things |
19 [121] | p.41 | 14865 | We do not know the nature of one single causality |
19 [125] | p.42 | 14866 | It always remains possible that the world just is the way it appears |
19 [127] | p.42 | 14867 | It is just madness to think that the mind is supernatural (or even divine!) |
19 [153] | p.49 | 14868 | Our primary faculty is perception of structure, as when looking in a mirror |
19 [161] | p.52 | 14869 | If some sort of experience is at the root of matter, then human knowledge is close to its essence |
19 [209] | p.64 | 14870 | We experience causation between willing and acting, and thereby explain conjunctions of changes |
19 [235] | p.73 | 14871 | Laws of nature are merely complex networks of relations |
19 [236] | p.74 | 14872 | Our knowledge is illogical, because it rests on false identities between things |
19 [238] | p.75 | 14873 | If we find a hypothesis that explains many things, we conclude that it explains everything |
21 [13] | p.104 | 14875 | Belief matters more than knowledge, and only begins when knowledge ceases |
23 [14] | p.119 | 14876 | Philosophy is always secondary, because it cannot support a popular culture |
29 [004] | p.189 | 14878 | It would better if there was no thought |
29 [008] | p.191 | 14879 | The most extreme scepticism is when you even give up logic |
29 [008] | p.192 | 14880 | Logic is just slavery to language |
29 [019] | p.199 | 14881 | Why do people want philosophers? |
29 [027] | p.202 | 14882 | Protest against vivisection - living things should not become objects of scientific investigation |
29 [096] | p.238 | 14883 | We should evaluate the past morally |
29 [143] | p.257 | 14884 | The shortest path to happiness is forgetfulness, the path of animals (but of little value) |
29 [205] | p.274 | 14885 | The first aim of a philosopher is a life, not some works |
30 [06] | p.292 | 14886 | Education is contrary to human nature |
30 [17] | p.299 | 14887 | You should only develop a philosophy if you are willing to live by it |
30 [25] | p.301 | 14888 | Wisdom prevents us from being ruled by the moment |
31 [10] | p.311 | 14889 | Philosophy is pointless if it does not advocate, and live, a new way of life |
32 [67] | p.336 | 14890 | Suffering is the meaning of existence |
1878 | Human, All Too Human |
§034 | p.37 | 20111 | We could live more naturally, relishing the spectacle, and not thinking we are special |
§050 | p.50 | 20112 | Pity consoles those who suffer, because they see that they still have the power to hurt |
§082 | p.62 | 20378 | Just as skin hides the horrors of the body, vanity conceals the passions of the soul |
006 | p.9 | 20103 | You are mastered by your own virtues, but you must master them, and turn them into tools |
039 | p.43 | 14807 | The history of morality rests on an error called 'responsibility', which rests on an error called 'free will' |
041 | p.45 | 14808 | Over huge periods of time human character would change endlessly |
044 | p.46 | 14809 | All societies of good men give a priority to gratitude |
045 | p.47 | 14810 | Originally it was the rulers who requited good for good and evil for evil who were called 'good' |
045 | p.47 | 14811 | In Homer it is the contemptible person, not the harmful person, who is bad |
059 | p.54 | 14812 | Intellect is tied to morality, because it requires good memory and powerful imagination |
068 | p.57 | 14813 | Science rejecting the teaching of Christianity in favour of Epicurus shows the superiority of the latter |
070 | p.58 | 14814 | Execution is worse than murder, because we are using the victim, and really we are the guilty |
091 | p.63 | 14815 | We get enormous pleasure from tales of noble actions |
092 | p.64 | 14816 | Justice (fairness) originates among roughly equal powers (as the Melian dialogues show) |
096 | p.66 | 14817 | The 'good' man does the moral thing as if by nature, easily and gladly, after a long inheritance |
099 | p.69 | 14818 | First morality is force, then custom, then acceptance, then instinct, then a pleasure - and finally 'virtue' |
101 | p.70 | 14819 | Slavery cannot be judged by our standards, because the sense of justice was then less developed |
102 | p.71 | 14820 | People always do what they think is right, according to the degree of their intellect |
103 | p.72 | 14821 | Apart from philosophers, most people rightly have a low estimate of pity |
104 | p.72 | 14822 | If self-defence is moral, then so are most expressions of 'immoral' egoism |
107 | p.74 | 14823 | Ceasing to believe in human responsibility is bitter, if you had based the nobility of humanity on it |
107 | p.74 | 14824 | It is absurd to blame nature and necessity; we should no more praise actions than we praise plants or artworks |
107 | p.153 | 22473 | Nietzsche said the will doesn't exist, so it can't ground moral responsibility [Foot] |
111 | p.81 | 14825 | In religious thought nature is a complex of arbitrary acts by conscious beings |
111 | p.84 | 14826 | Modern man wants laws of nature in order to submit to them |
114 | p.85 | 14827 | The Greeks saw the gods not as their masters, but as idealised versions of themselves |
115 | p.86 | 14828 | Religion is tempting if your life is boring, but you can't therefore impose it on the busy people |
131 | p.90 | 14830 | Intuition only recognises what is possible, not what exists or is certain |
133 | p.92 | 14831 | No one has ever done anything that was entirely for other people |
137 | p.95 | 14832 | The Sermon on the Mount is vanity - praying to one part of oneself, and demonising the rest |
169 | p.115 | 14833 | Comedy is a transition from fear to exuberance |
200 | p.123 | 14834 | Teachers only gather knowledge for their pupils, and can't be serious about themselves |
211 | p.126 | 14835 | Artists are not especially passionate, but they pretend to be |
229 | p.142 | 14836 | People will enthusiastically pursue an unwanted war, once sacrifices have been made |
235 | p.145 | 14837 | Christ seems warm hearted, and suppressed intellect in favour of the intellectually weak |
235 | p.145 | 14838 | The state aims to protect individuals from one another |
242 | p.149 | 14839 | Interest in education gains strength when we lose interest in God |
368 | p.189 | 14841 | Many people are better at having good friends than being a good friend |
371 | p.190 | 14842 | Why are the strong tastes of other people so contagious? |
390 | p.196 | 14843 | Women can be friends with men, but only some physical antipathy will maintain it |
391 | p.197 | 14844 | People do not experience boredom if they have never learned to work properly |
409 | p.199 | 14845 | Don't crush girls with dull Gymnasium education, the way we have crushed boys! |
438 | p.210 | 14846 | If we want the good life for the greatest number, we must let them decide on the good life |
459 | p.219 | 14847 | Laws that are well thought out, or laws that are easy to understand? |
467 | p.222 | 14848 | Education in large states is mediocre, like cooking in large kitchens |
471 | p.222 | 14849 | We can only achieve happy moments, not happy eras |
475 | p.228 | 14850 | Christ was the noblest human being |
477 | p.230 | 14852 | Culture cannot do without passions and vices |
506 | p.237 | 14853 | Truth finds fewest champions not when it is dangerous, but when it is boring |
518 | p.238 | 14854 | Deep thinkers know that they are always wrong |
603 | p.252 | 14855 | Simultaneous love and respect are impossible; love has no separation or rank, but respect admits power |
608 | p.253 | 14856 | Our judgment seems to cause our nature, but actually judgment arises from our nature |
609 | p.253 | 14857 | The highest wisdom has the guise of simplicity |
630 | p.261 | 14858 | Being certain presumes that there are absolute truths, and means of arriving at them |
1880 | The Wanderer and his Shadow |
§204 | p.183 | 4422 | The end need not be the goal, as in the playing of a melody (and yet it must be completed) |
1881 | Dawn (Daybreak) |
Pref 3 | p.3 | 20229 | No authority ever willingly accepts criticism |
Pref 3 | p.3 | 20230 | The very idea of a critique of morality is regarded as immoral! |
§507 | p.251 | 20380 | Why should truth be omnipotent? It is enough that it is very powerful |
012 | p.14 | 20231 | People used to think that outcomes were from God, rather than consequences of acts |
013 | p.14 | 20233 | Punishment has distorted the pure innocence of the contingency of outcomes |
013 | p.14 | 20232 | Get rid of the idea of punishment! It is a noxious weed! |
019 | p.20 | 20234 | Morality prevents us from developing better customs |
026 | p.24 | 20235 | Like animals, we seek truth because we want safety |
027 | p.24 | 20236 | Marriage upholds the idea that love, though a passion, can endure |
034 | p.29 | 20237 | Moral feelings are entirely different from the moral concepts used to judge actions |
035 | p.30 | 20238 | Treating morality as feelings is just obeying your ancestors |
038 | p.32 | 20240 | The Jews treated great anger as holy, and were in awe of those who expressed it |
044 | p.36 | 20241 | Enquirers think finding our origin is salvation, but it turns out to be dull |
048 | p.38 | 20242 | Things are the boundaries of humanity, so all things must be known, for self-knowledge |
049 | p.38 | 20243 | Human beings are not majestic, either through divine origins, or through grand aims |
058 | p.43 | 20244 | Christianity replaces rational philosophical virtues with great passions focused on God |
059 | p.43 | 20245 | Christianity hoped for a short cut to perfection, that skipped the hard labour of morality |
063 | p.46 | 20246 | If you feel to others as they feel to themselves, you must hate a self-hater |
070 | p.51 | 20247 | Christianity was successful because of its heathen rituals |
105 | p.72 | 20248 | People do nothing for their real ego, but only for a phantom ego created by other people |
119 | p.88 | 20249 | Our knowledge of the many drives that constitute us is hopelessly incomplete |
126 | p.93 | 20250 | We may be unable to remember, but we may never actually forget |
127 | p.94 | 20251 | Actions done for a purpose are least understood, because we complacently think it's obvious |
151 | p.116 | 20252 | Marriage is too serious to be permitted for people in love! |
180 | p.130 | 20253 | Modern wars arise from the study of history |
181 | p.130 | 20254 | People govern for the pleasure of it, or just to avoid being governed |
197 | p.142 | 20255 | Early 19th century German philosophers enjoyed concepts, rather than scientific explanations |
257 | p.176 | 20256 | What we think is totally dictated by the language available to express it |
277 | p.182 | 20257 | Cool courage and feverish bravery have one name, but are two very different virtues |
285 | p.184 | 20258 | Most people treat knowledge as a private possession |
297 | p.187 | 20259 | Teach youth to respect people who differ with them, not people who agree with them |
298 | p.188 | 20260 | Carlyle spent his life vainly trying to make reason appear romantic |
307 | p.190 | 20261 | History does not concern what really happened, but supposed events, which have all the influence |
308 | p.191 | 20262 | Don't use wisdom in order to become clever! |
309 | p.191 | 20263 | Fear reveals the natures of other people much more clearly than love does |
311 | p.191 | 20264 | The easy and graceful aspects of a person are called 'soul', and inner awkwardness is called 'soulless' |
318 | p.193 | 20265 | The desire for a complete system requires making the weak parts look equal to the rest |
330 | p.198 | 20266 | It is essential that wise people learn to express their wisdom, possibly even as foolishness |
339 | p.200 | 20267 | Seeing duty as a burden makes it a bit cruel, and it can thus never become a habit |
349 | p.202 | 20268 | Most dying people have probably lost more important things than what they are about to lose |
417 | p.217 | 20269 | 'I believe because it is absurd' - but how about 'I believe because I am absurd' |
432 | p.224 | 20270 | There is no one scientific method; we must try many approaches, and many emotions |
433 | p.225 | 20271 | Beauty in art is the imitation of happiness |
456 | p.233 | 20272 | Honesty is a new young virtue, and we can promote it, or not |
534 | p.259 | 20273 | The French Revolution gave trusting Europe the false delusion of instant recovery |
556 | p.276 | 20274 | The cardinal virtues want us to be honest, brave, magnanimous and polite |
560 | p.277 | 20275 | Most people think they are already complete, but we can cultivate ourselves |
560 | p.561 | 20131 | We can cultivate our drives, of anger, pity, curiosity, vanity, like a gardener, with good or bad taste |
1882 | The Gay Science |
p.35 | 4275 | You cannot advocate joyful wisdom while rejecting pity, because the two are complementary [Scruton] |
p.73 | 6579 | Nietzsche's perspectivism says our worldview depends on our personality [Fogelin] |
§001 | p.75 | 20125 | The ethical teacher exists to give purpose to what happens necessarily and without purpose |
§021 | p.92 | 20198 | Many virtues are harmful traps, but that is why other people praise them |
§042 | p.108 | 9306 | To ward off boredom at any cost is vulgar |
§110 | p.169 | 20126 | The strength of knowledge is not its truth, but its entrenchment in our culture |
§121 | p.177 | 4423 | We assume causes, geometry, motion, bodies etc to live, but they haven't been proved |
§125 | p.181 | 2931 | God is dead, and we have killed him |
§301 | p.241 | 20141 | Higher human beings see and hear far more than others, and do it more thoughtfully |
§335 | p.263 | 2933 | Why do you listen to the voice of your conscience? |
§335 | p.263 | 2932 | 'Know thyself' is impossible and ridiculous |
§335 | p.265 | 2935 | No two actions are the same |
§335 | p.265 | 2934 | To see one's own judgement as a universal law is selfish |
§341 | p.273 | 2936 | Imagine if before each of your actions you had to accept repeating the action over and over again |
§342 | p.192 | 6842 | Nietzsche says facing up to the eternal return of meaninglessness is the response to nihilism [Critchley] |
§354 | p.297 | 20116 | Most of our lives, even the important parts, take place outside of consciousness |
§354 | p.297 | 20115 | All of our normal mental life could be conducted without consciousness |
§354 | p.298 | 20117 | Only the need for communication has led to consciousness developing |
§354 | p.299 | 20118 | Only our conscious thought is verbal, and this shows the origin of consciousness |
§354 | p.299 | 20120 | Whatever moves into consciousness becomes thereby much more superficial |
§354 | p.299 | 20119 | We became increasingly conscious of our sense impressions in order to communicate them |
§354 | p.300 | 20122 | We have no organ for knowledge or truth; we only 'know' what is useful to the human herd |
§354 | p.300 | 20121 | Grammar only reveals popular metaphysics |
§357 | p.306 | 20360 | We Germans value becoming and development more highly than mere being of what 'is' |
345 | p.146 | 22471 | Nietzsche thought it 'childish' to say morality isn't binding because it varies between cultures [Foot] |
1884 | Thus Spake Zarathustra |
1.01 | p.42 | 18286 | The greatest experience possible is contempt for your own happiness, reason and virtue |
1.01 | p.46 | 18287 | People now find both wealth and poverty too much of a burden |
1.04 | p.60 | 18288 | Heaven was invented by the sick and the dying |
1.05 | p.62 | 18290 | But what is the reasoning of the body, that it requires the wisdom you seek? |
1.05 | p.62 | 18289 | Forget the word 'I'; 'I' is performed by the intelligence of your body |
1.07 | p.64 | 18291 | Virtues can destroy one another, through jealousy |
1.08 | p.68 | 18292 | I can only believe in a God who can dance |
1.09 | p.71 | 18293 | The noble man wants new virtues; the good man preserves what is old |
1.12 | p.75 | 18294 | The state coldly claims that it is the people, but that is a lie |
1.15 | p.82 | 18295 | If you want friends, you must be a fighter |
1.16 | p.84 | 18296 | An enduring people needs its own individual values |
1.16 | p.85 | 18297 | We created meanings, to maintain ourselves |
2.02 | p.110 | 18298 | Not being a god is insupportable, so there are no gods! |
2.20 | p.161 | 18299 | The will is constantly frustrated by the past |
2.20 | p.162 | 18300 | Whenever we have seen suffering, we have wanted the revenge of punishment |
3.03 | p.181 | 18301 | We only really love children and work |
3.10.2 | p.207 | 18302 | Man and woman are deeply strange to one another! |
3.12.23 | p.228 | 18303 | Reject wisdom that lacks laughter |
4.09 | p.285 | 18304 | Saints want to live as they desire, or not to live at all |
4.13.9 | p.301 | 18305 | To love truth, you must know how to lie |
4.18.2 | p.325 | 18306 | We don't want heaven; now that we are men, we want the kingdom of earth |
4.20 | p.336 | 18307 | I want my work, not happiness! |
I.4 | p.76 | 20757 | The powerful self behind your thoughts and feelings is your body |
1885 | Works (refs to 8 vol Colli and Montinari) |
p.6 | 7846 | Nietzsche thinks philosophy makes us more profound, but not better [Ansell Pearson] |
p.6 | 20128 | Each person has a fixed constitution, which makes them a particular type of person [Leiter] |
p.9 | 7847 | Initially nihilism was cosmic, but later Nietzsche saw it as a cultural matter [Ansell Pearson] |
p.11 | 20352 | Nietzsche has a metaphysics, as well as perspectives - the ontology is the perspectives [Richardson] |
p.21 | 8041 | The superman is a monstrous oddity, not a serious idea [MacIntyre] |
p.49 | 20106 | Nietzsche was fascinated by a will that can turn against itself [Safranski] |
p.52 | 20107 | How many mediocre thinkers are occupied with influential problems! |
p.93 | 20135 | Nietzsche's higher type of man is much more important than the idealised 'superman' [Leiter] |
p.104 | 9782 | Nietzsche urges that nihilism be active, and will nothing itself [Zizek] |
p.115 | 22503 | Nietzsche could only revalue human values for a different species [Foot] |
p.155 | 22475 | Moral generalisation is wrong, because we should evaluate individual acts [Foot] |
p.157 | 22476 | Nietzsche thought our psychology means there can't be universal human virtues [Foot] |
p.163 | 20371 | Nietzsche thinks we should join a society, in order to criticise, heal and renew it [Richardson] |
01 | p.27 | 20104 | Nietzsche tried to lead a thought-provoking life [Safranski] |
1 | p.20 | 20353 | The 'will to power' is basically applied to drives and forces, not to people [Richardson] |
1.145 | p.86 | 20108 | Every culture loses its identity and power if it lacks a major myth |
10/7[98] | p.122 | 20367 | Individual development is more important than the state, but a community is necessary |
2.122 | p.46 | 20105 | Storms are wonderful expressions of free powers! |
6.37 | p.204 | 20113 | Friendly chats undermine my philosophy; wanting to be right at the expense of love is folly |
7 | p.104 | 22500 | Nietzsche failed to see that moral actions can be voluntary without free will [Foot] |
7 | p.110 | 22501 | Nietzsche classified actions by the nature of the agent, not the nature of the act [Foot] |
8.432 | p.23 | 20102 | Flight from boredom leads to art |
9.496,503 | p.231 | 20124 | Reliving life countless times - this gives the value back to life which religion took away |
9.525 | p.227 | 20123 | First see nature as non-human, then fit ourselves into this view of nature |
9/11[243] | p.243 | 20379 | Reason is just another organic drive, developing late, and fighting for equality |
p.51 | p.231 | 20376 | We begin with concepts of kinds, from individuals; but that is not the essence of individuals |
1886 | Beyond Good and Evil |
p.37 | 23440 | Nietzsche's judgement of actions by psychology instead of outcome was poisonous [Foot] |
p.78 | 7078 | The freedom of the subject means the collapse of moral certainty [Critchley] |
p.84 | 7079 | Nietzsche resists nihilism through new values, for a world of becoming, without worship [Critchley] |
p.92 | 7080 | Metaphysics divided the old unified Greek world into two [Critchley] |
p.261 | 6869 | Nietzsche thinks the human condition is to overcome and remake itself [Ansell Pearson] |
Pref | p.-7 | 1568 | Nietzsche felt that Plato's views downgraded the human body and its brevity of life [Roochnik] |
Pref | p.14 | 2867 | Christianity is Platonism for the people |
Pref | p.14 | 2860 | The most boring and dangerous of all errors is Plato's invention of pure spirit and goodness |
§001 | p.15 | 11090 | Why do we want truth, rather than falsehood or ignorance? The value of truth is a problem |
§004 | p.17 | 20140 | We shouldn't object to a false judgement, if it enhances and preserves life |
§006 | p.19 | 7834 | Great philosophies are confessions by the author, growing out of moral intentions |
§006 | p.20 | 20355 | The ranking of a person's innermost drives reveals their true nature |
§009 | p.20 | 2868 | Nature is totally indifferent, so you should try to be different from it, not live by it |
§017 | p.28 | 2291 | A thought comes when 'it' wants, not when 'I' want |
§021 | p.32 | 2871 | Wanting 'freedom of will' is wanting to pull oneself into existence out of the swamp of nothingness by one's own hair |
§023 | p.36 | 20381 | It is psychology which reveals the basic problems |
§032 | p.44 | 2872 | In the earliest phase of human history only consequences mattered |
§056 | p.64 | 20137 | The great person engages wholly with life, and is happy to endlessly relive the life they created |
§062 | p.69 | 2874 | Man is the animal whose nature has not yet been fixed |
§153 | p.85 | 2875 | That which is done out of love always takes place beyond good and evil |
§157 | p.85 | 2876 | The thought of suicide is a great reassurance on bad nights |
§186 | p.91 | 2877 | Morality becomes a problem when we compare many moralities |
§187 | p.92 | 2859 | The idea of the categorical imperative is just that we should all be very obedient |
§192 | p.97 | 2878 | We see an approximation of a tree, not the full detail |
§198 | p.101 | 20134 | Moralities extravagantly address themselves to 'all', by falsely generalising |
§201 | p.104 | 2879 | In ancient Rome pity was considered neither good nor bad |
§203 | p.88 | 22394 | Democracy diminishes mankind, making them mediocre and lowering their value |
§203 | p.109 | 2880 | The greatest possibilities in man are still unexhausted |
§228 | p.138 | 2881 | Virtue has been greatly harmed by the boringness of its advocates |
§257 | p.173 | 20139 | Only aristocratic societies can elevate the human species |
§258 | p.174 | 20373 | A healthy aristocracy has no qualms about using multitudes of men as instruments |
§260 | p.176 | 2883 | Noble people see themselves as the determiners of values |
§260 | p.176 | 2882 | Morality originally judged people, and actions only later on |
§261 | p.178 | 2884 | The morality of slaves is the morality of utility |
§284 | p.195 | 20382 | The four virtues are courage, insight, sympathy, solitude |
§287 | p.196 | 2885 | The noble soul has reverence for itself |
1886 | Fragments from 1885-1886 |
1[056] | p.274 | 23208 | Caesar and Napoleon point to the future, when they pursue their task regardless of human sacrifice |
1[058] | p.275 | 23209 | Each of our personal drives has its own perspective |
1[114] | p.286 | 23210 | That all events are necessary does not mean they are compelled |
1[115] | p.287 | 23211 | Events are just interpretations of groups of appearances |
1[120] | p.287 | 23212 | A text has many interpretations, but no 'correct' one |
2[063] | p.332 | 23213 | The greatest drive of life is to discharge strength, rather than preservation |
2[101] | p.352 | 23214 | For the strongest people, nihilism gives you wings! |
34[025] | p.6 | 23183 | Different abilities are needed for living in an incomplete and undogmatic system |
34[046] | p.11 | 23184 | The mind is a simplifying apparatus |
34[058] | p.15 | 23186 | Numbers enable us to manage the world - to the limits of counting |
34[063] | p.15 | 23187 | Whatever their origin, concepts survive by being useful |
34[083] | p.21 | 23188 | Bad writers use shapeless floating splotches of concepts |
34[086] | p.23 | 23189 | Concepts are rough groups of simultaneous sensations |
34[087] | p.24 | 23190 | Consciousness is our awareness of our own mental life |
34[131] | p.37 | 23191 | Minds have an excluding drive to scare things off, and a selecting one to filter facts |
34[131] | p.37 | 23192 | Concepts don’t match one thing, but many things a little bit |
34[131] | p.38 | 23193 | Napoleon was very focused, and rightly ignored compassion |
34[203] | p.60 | 23194 | People feel united as a nation by one language, but then want a common ancestry and history |
34[247] | p.73 | 23195 | Laws of nature are actually formulas of power relations |
34[249] | p.73 | 23196 | Logic is a fiction, which invents the view that one thought causes another |
34[249] | p.74 | 23197 | Memory is essential, and is only possible by means of abbreviation signs |
34[51] | p.2 | 23185 | In chemistry every substance pushes, and thus creates new substances |
35[02] | p.80 | 23198 | Aesthetics can be more basic than morality, in our pleasure in certain patterns of experience |
35[05] | p.81 | 23199 | What is the search for truth if it isn't moral? |
35[22] | p.87 | 23200 | The controlling morality of aristocracy is the desire to resemble their ancestors |
35[35] | p.94 | 23201 | The 'I' does not think; it is a construction of thinking, like other useful abstractions |
37[02] | p.139 | 23202 | Like all philosophers, I love truth |
37[08] | p.143 | 23203 | The great question is approaching, of how to govern the earth as a whole |
37[11] | p.148 | 23204 | To be someone you need property, and wanting more is healthy |
38[01] | p.155 | 23205 | Thought starts as ambiguity, in need of interpretation and narrowing |
40[09] | p.187 | 23206 | Schematic minds think thoughts are truer if they slot into a scheme |
40[53] | p.208 | 23207 | Appearance is the sole reality of things, to which all predicates refer |
1887 | On the Genealogy of Morals |
Pref | p.46 | 3793 | We must question the very value of moral values |
Pref §5 | p.19 | 4407 | Plato, Spinoza and Kant are very different, but united in their low estimation of pity |
I | p.194 | 3259 | Nietzsche rejects impersonal morality, and asserts the idea of living well [Nagel] |
I.§02 | p.25 | 4408 | The concept of 'good' was created by aristocrats to describe their own actions |
I.§02 | p.26 | 4409 | Only the decline of aristocratic morality led to concerns about "egoism" |
I.§07 | p.33 | 4410 | The truly great haters in world history have always been priests |
I.§13 | p.45 | 4411 | It is a delusion to separate the man from the deed, like the flash from the lightning |
I.§17 note | p.56 | 2930 | The main aim of philosophy must be to determine the order of rank among values |
II.§07 | p.69 | 4414 | Philosophers invented "free will" so that our virtues would be permanently interesting to the gods |
II.§08 | p.70 | 4416 | Basic justice is the negotiation of agreement among equals, and the imposition of agreement |
II.§08 | p.70 | 4415 | Guilt and obligation originated in the relationship of buying and selling, credit and debt |
II.§13 | p.80 | 4417 | Only that which has no history is definable |
II.§17 | p.86 | 4418 | A masterful and violent person need have nothing to do with contracts |
II.17 | p.86 | 20142 | The state begins with brutal conquest of a disorganised people, not with a 'contract' |
III.§08 | p.110 | 4419 | People who think in words are orators rather than thinkers, and think about facts instead of thinking facts |
III.§12 | p.119 | 4420 | There is only 'perspective' seeing and knowing, and so the best objectivity is multiple points of view |
III.§24 | p.151 | 20143 | Scientific knowledge is nothing without a prior philosophical 'faith' |
III.§24 | p.152 | 4421 | Philosophers have never asked why there is a will to truth in the first place |
III.7 | p.107 | 20129 | All animals strive for the ideal conditions to express their power, and hate any hindrances |
1887 | Writings from Late Notebooks |
01[114] | p.62 | 7149 | Comprehending everything is impossible, because it abolishes perspectives |
01[21] | p.55 | 7147 | Values are innate and inherited |
01[87] | p.61 | 7148 | The 'I' is a conceptual synthesis, not the governor of our being |
02[103] | p.78 | 7157 | We think each thought causes the next, unaware of the hidden struggle beneath |
02[107] | p.79 | 7158 | Morality kills religion, because a Christian-moral God is unbelievable |
02[110] | p.82 | 7159 | The only happiness is happiness with illusion |
02[13] | p.68 | 7150 | By developing herd virtues man fixes what has up to now been the 'unfixed animal' |
02[13] | p.69 | 7151 | Courage, compassion, insight, solitude are the virtues, with courtesy a necessary vice |
02[144] | p.89 | 7160 | Christian belief is kept alive because it is soothing - the proof based on pleasure |
02[150] | p.90 | 7161 | The essence of a thing is only an opinion about the 'thing' |
02[165] | p.93 | 7162 | Morality can only be upheld by belief in God and a 'hereafter' |
02[165] | p.94 | 7163 | Morality is merely interpretations, which are extra-moral in origin |
02[206] | p.99 | 7164 | Not feeling harnessed to a system of 'ends' is a wonderful feeling of freedom |
02[68] | p.71 | 7152 | With protoplasm ½+½=2, so the soul is not an indivisible monad |
02[87] | p.76 | 7154 | We can't use our own self to criticise our own capacity for knowledge! |
02[87] | p.76 | 7153 | We can't be realists, because we don't know what being is |
02[95] | p.78 | 7155 | Consciousness exists to the extent that consciousness is useful |
02[95] | p.78 | 7156 | Sense perceptions contain values (useful, so pleasant) |
04[7] | p.103 | 7165 | Virtue is wasteful, as it reduces us all to being one another's nurse |
04[8] | p.104 | 7166 | Man is above all a judging animal |
05[12] | p.107 | 7169 | Is the perspectival part of the essence, or just a relation between beings? |
05[14] | p.108 | 7170 | 'Wisdom' attempts to get beyond perspectives, making it hostile to life |
05[22] | p.110 | 7171 | Rationality is a scheme we cannot cast away |
05[3] | p.106 | 7167 | Words such as 'I' and 'do' and 'done to' are placed at the point where our ignorance begins |
05[7] | p.106 | 7168 | Modest people express happiness as 'Not bad' |
05[71].6 | p.118 | 7172 | Existence without meaning or goal or end, eternally recurring, is a terrible thought |
05[82] | p.121 | 7173 | Rights arise out of contracts, which need a balance of power |
06[11] | p.124 | 7174 | Categories are not metaphysical truths, but inventions in the service of needs |
06[13] | p.124 | 7175 | Philosophers find it particularly hard to shake off belief in necessary categories |
07[1] | p.128 | 7176 | 'Purpose' is like the sun, where most heat is wasted, and a tiny part has 'purpose' |
07[25] | p.134 | 7178 | The utility of an organ does not explain its origin, on the contrary! |
07[25] | p.134 | 7179 | Survival might undermine an individual's value, or prevent its evolution |
07[25] | p.135 | 7180 | Darwin overestimates the influence of 'external circumstances' |
07[48] | p.137 | 7181 | Pain shows the value of the damage, not what has been damaged |
07[6] | p.132 | 7177 | Virtues from outside are dangerous, and they should come from within |
07[60] | p.139 | 7183 | 'Subjectivity' is an interpretation, since subjects (and interpreters) are fictions |
07[60] | p.139 | 7182 | 'Perspectivism': the world has no meaning, but various interpretations give it countless meanings |
09[106] | p.161 | 7189 | Maybe there are only subjects, and 'objects' result from relations between subjects |
09[27] | p.146 | 7185 | Replace the categorical imperative by the natural imperative |
09[38] | p.148 | 7186 | There are no necessary truths, but something must be held to be true |
09[97] | p.158 | 7188 | Logic tries to understand the world according to a man-made scheme |
10[109] | p.193 | 7193 | Virtue for everyone removes its charm of being exceptional and aristocratic |
10[167] | p.203 | 7194 | Experiencing a thing as beautiful is to experience it wrongly |
10[23] | p.181 | 7190 | Our values express an earlier era's conditions for survival and growth |
10[87] | p.188 | 7191 | What does not kill us makes us stronger |
10[90] | p.189 | 7192 | Remove goodness and wisdom from our concept of God. Being the highest power is enough! |
11[122] | p.224 | 7199 | It is dishonest to invent a being containing our greatest values, thus ignoring why they exist and are valuable |
11[122] | p.225 | 7200 | A combination of great power and goodness would mean the disastrous abolition of evil |
11[122] | p.225 | 7201 | Knowledge, wisdom and goodness only have value relative to a goal |
11[153] | p.231 | 7203 | In heaven all the interesting men are missing |
11[407] | p.239 | 7204 | The upholding of the military state is needed to maintain the strong human type |
11[72] | p.211 | 7195 | If the world aimed at an end, it would have reached it by now |
11[72] | p.212 | 7196 | Pessimism is laughable, because the world cannot be evaluated |
11[75] | p.213 | 7197 | Pleasure needs dissatisfaction, boundaries and resistances |
11[99] | p.219 | 7198 | Nihilism results from measuring the world by our categories which are purely invented |
14[219] | p.266 | 7209 | There is no will; weakness of will is splitting of impulses, strong will is coordination under one impulse |
14[5] | p.241 | 7205 | Altruism is praised by the egoism of the weak, who want everyone to be looked after |
14[79] | p.245 | 7206 | Things are strong or weak, and do not behave regularly or according to rules or compulsions |
14[79] | p.246 | 7207 | Counting needs unities, but that doesn't mean they exist; we borrowed it from the concept of 'I' |
14[89] | p.249 | 7208 | Paganism is a form of thanking and affirming life? |
34[195] | p.12 | 7132 | Philosophers should create and fight for their concepts, not just clean and clarify them |
34[230] | p.14 | 7133 | There are different eyes, so different 'truths', so there is no truth |
34[247] | p.14 | 7134 | Something can be irrefutable; that doesn't make it true |
34[250] | p.16 | 7135 | 'Freedom of will' is the feeling of having a dominating force |
34[30] | p.1 | 7129 | Perception is unconscious, and we are only conscious of processed perceptions |
34[46] | p.2 | 7131 | The intellect and senses are a simplifying apparatus |
34[46] | p.2 | 7130 | Unity is not in the conscious 'I', but in the organism, which uses the self as a tool |
35[24] | p.19 | 7137 | Is a 'philosopher' now impossible, because knowledge is too vast for an overview? |
35[35] | p.20 | 7138 | The 'I' is a fiction used to make the world of becoming 'knowable' |
35[52] | p.21 | 7139 | Explanation is just showing the succession of things ever more clearly |
36[18] | p.24 | 7140 | Chemical 'laws' are merely the establishment of power relations between weaker and stronger |
36[20] | p.25 | 7141 | A living being is totally 'egoistic' |
36[264] | p.16 | 7136 | Morality is a system of values which accompanies a being's life |
36[31] | p.26 | 7142 | All motions and 'laws' are symptoms of inner events, traceable to the will to power |
37[4] | p.29 | 7143 | Consciousness is a 'tool' - just as the stomach is a tool |
40[13] | p.42 | 7144 | Logic must falsely assume that identical cases exist |
40[13] | p.42 | 7145 | Logic is not driven by truth, but desire for a simple single viewpoint |
40[15] | p.43 | 7146 | Belief in the body is better established than belief in the mind |
1888 | The Will to Power (notebooks) |
p.193 | 5652 | True beliefs are those which augment one's power [Scruton] |
§015 | p.14 | 4485 | Every belief is a considering-something-true |
§015 | p.14 | 4486 | The extreme view is there are only perspectives, no true beliefs, because there is no true world |
§017 | p.15 | 4487 | A note for asses: What convinces is not necessarily true - it is merely convincing |
§018 | p.16 | 4488 | Those who have abandoned God cling that much more firmly to the faith in morality |
§020 | p.16 | 4489 | If faith is lost, people seek other authorities, in order to avoid the risk of willing personal goals |
§053 | p.33 | 4491 | In modern society virtue is 'equal rights', but only because everyone is zero, so it is a sum of zeroes |
§066 | p.43 | 4493 | Be natural! But how, if one happens to be "unnatural"? |
§0015 | p.10 | 20357 | Truth was given value by morality, but eventually turned against its own source |
§120 | p.73 | 4494 | Not "return to nature", for there has never yet been a natural humanity |
§121 | p.75 | 4495 | The high points of culture and civilization do not coincide |
§12B | p.13 | 4484 | Nihilism results from valuing the world by the 'categories of reason', because that is fiction |
§141 | p.90 | 4496 | 'Conscience' is invented to value actions by intention and conformity to 'law', rather than consequences |
§141 | p.91 | 4497 | The concept of 'God' represents a turning away from life, and a critique of life |
§204 | p.120 | 4498 | 'Love your enemy' is unnatural, for the natural law says 'love your neighbour and hate your enemy' |
§207 | p.123 | 4499 | Primitive Christianity is abolition of the state; it is opposed to defence, justice, patriotism and class |
§222 | p.129 | 4500 | It is a sign of degeneration when eudaimonistic values begin to prevail |
§238 | p.291 | 20359 | The nature of being, of things, is much easier to understand than is becoming |
§253 | p.147 | 4502 | Morality cannot survive when the God who sanctions it is missing |
§253 | p.147 | 4501 | Utilitarianism criticises the origins of morality, but still believes in it as much as Christians |
§259 | p.149 | 20370 | All evaluation is from some perspective, and aims at survival |
§259 | p.150 | 20383 | The wisest man is full of contradictions, and attuned to other people, with occasional harmony |
§260 | p.150 | 4504 | Morality used to be for preservation, but now we can only experiment, giving ourselves moral goals |
§269 | p.153 | 4505 | How can it be that I should prefer my neighbour to myself, but he should prefer me to himself? |
§274 | p.156 | 4506 | There is a conspiracy (a will to power) to make morality dominate other values, like knowledge and art |
§275 | p.157 | 4507 | The categorical imperative needs either God behind it, or a metaphysic of the unity of reason |
§279 | p.158 | 4508 | The truth is what gives us the minimum of spiritual effort, and avoids the exhaustion of lying |
§280 | p.159 | 20372 | The instinct of the herd, the majority, aims for the mean, in the middle |
§291 | p.164 | 4509 | Utilitarians prefer consequences because intentions are unknowable - but so are consequences! |
§310 | p.172 | 4510 | A path to power: to introduce a new virtue under the name of an old one |
§313 | p.173 | 4511 | We would avoid a person who always needed reasons for remaining decent |
§318 | p.176 | 4512 | Virtue is pursued from self-interest and prudence, and reduces people to non-entities |
§319 | p.176 | 4513 | Virtuous people are inferior because they are not 'persons', but conform to a fixed pattern |
§345 | p.189 | 4514 | The basic tendency of the weak has always been to pull down the strong, using morality |
§356 | p.195 | 4515 | Modesty, industriousness, benevolence and temperance are the virtues of a good slave |
§358 | p.196 | 4516 | Many virtues are merely restraints on the most creative qualities of a human being |
§362 | p.197 | 4517 | Egoism is inescapable, and when it grows weak, the power of love also grows weak |
§364 | p.198 | 4518 | The question about egoism is: what kind of ego? since not all egos are equal |
§370 | p.199 | 4519 | The ego is only a fiction, and doesn't exist at all |
§420 | p.226 | 4520 | I don't want to persuade anyone to be a philosopher; they should be rare plants |
§428 | p.232 | 4521 | None of the ancients had the courage to deny morality by denying free will |
§431 | p.235 | 4523 | What can be 'demonstrated' is of little worth |
§478 | p.265 | 20374 | Consciousness is a terminal phenomenon, and causes nothing |
§481 | p.267 | 4525 | There are no facts in themselves, only interpretations |
§490 | p.270 | 4527 | Perhaps we are not single subjects, but a multiplicity of 'cells', interacting to create thought |
§497 | p.273 | 4528 | For me, a priori 'truths' are just provisional assumptions |
§505 | p.275 | 4529 | All sense perceptions are permeated with value judgements (useful or harmful) |
§515 | p.278 | 4530 | Reason is a mere idiosyncrasy of a certain species of animal |
§516 | p.279 | 4531 | Our inability to both affirm and deny a single thing is merely an inability, not a 'necessity' |
§516 | p.280 | 4533 | Logic and maths refer to fictitious entities which we have created |
§516 | p.280 | 4532 | We can have two opposite sensations, like hard and soft, at the same time |
§517 | p.280 | 4534 | 'Truth' is the will to be master over the multiplicity of sensations |
§521 | p.282 | 4535 | A 'species' is a stable phase of evolution, implying the false notion that evolution has a goal |
§529 | p.286 | 4536 | It is a major blunder to think of consciousness as a unity, and hence as an entity, a thing |
§530 | p.286 | 4537 | We can't know whether there is knowledge if we don't know what it is |
§530 | p.287 | 4538 | Judgements can't be true and known in isolation; the only surety is in connections and relations |
§530 | p.288 | 4539 | The forms of 'knowledge' about logic which precede experience are actually regulations of belief |
§536 | p.291 | 4541 | Everything simple is merely imaginary |
§551 | p.296 | 4542 | Science has taken the meaning out of causation; cause and effect are two equal sides of an equation |
§556 | p.301 | 4543 | There are no 'facts-in-themselves', since a sense must be projected into them to make them 'facts' |
§557 | p.302 | 4544 | A thing has no properties if it has no effect on other 'things' |
§560 | p.303 | 4545 | Could not the objective character of things be merely a difference of degree within the subjective? |
§562 | p.303 | 4546 | We realise that properties are sensations of the feeling subject, not part of the thing |
§574 | p.309 | 4548 | Only because there is thought is there untruth |
§575 | p.316 | 4551 | Great self-examination is to become conscious of oneself not as an individual, but as mankind |
§579 | p.311 | 4550 | Pleasure and pain are mere epiphenomena, and achievement requires that one desire both |
§635 | p.338 | 20361 | We need 'unities' for reckoning, but that does not mean they exist |
§635 | p.338 | 20362 | We saw unity in things because our ego seemed unified (but now we doubt the ego!) |
§667 | p.352 | 4553 | We derive the popular belief in cause and effect from our belief that our free will causes things |
§668 | p.353 | 4552 | There is no such things a pure 'willing' on its own; the aim must always be part of it |
§671 | p.354 | 4554 | The concept of the 'will' is just a false simplification by our understanding |
§677 | p.359 | 20354 | The ruling drives of our culture all want to be the highest court of our values |
§705 | p.375 | 4555 | The great error is to think that happiness derives from virtue, which in turn derives from free will |
§751 | p.397 | 4557 | The supposed great lovers of honour (Alexander etc) were actually great despisers of honour |
§759 | p.399 | 4558 | We have no more right to 'happiness' than worms |
§784 | p.412 | 4559 | When powerless one desires freedom; if power is too weak, one desires equal power ('justice') |
§925 | p.488 | 4560 | The Golden Rule prohibits harmful actions, with the premise that actions will be requited |
§962 (1885) | p.505 | 20136 | There is an extended logic to a great man's life, achieved by a sustained will |
§966 | p.507 | 20358 | The highest man can endure and control the greatest combination of powerful drives |
§999 | p.519 | 20369 | The highest man directs the values of the highest natures over millenia |
1889 | The Anti-Christ |
§11 | p.121 | 20375 | Virtues must be highly personal; if not, it is merely respect for a concept |
05 | p.117 | 20138 | Christianity is at war with the higher type of man, and excommunicates his basic instincts |
11 | p.122 | 2915 | Each person should devise his own virtues and categorical imperative |
43 | p.155 | 2916 | The great lie of immortality destroys rationality and natural instinct |
43 | p.157 | 2917 | Christianity is a revolt of things crawling on the ground against elevated things |
48 | p.163 | 2918 | The story in Genesis is the story of God's fear of science |
50 | p.167 | 23520 | Truth has had to be fought for, and normal life must be sacrificed to achieve it |
52 | p.169 | 2919 | 'Faith' means not wanting to know what is true |
52 | p.170 | 2920 | A God who cures us of a head cold at the right moment is a total absurdity |
55 | p.174 | 2921 | Philosophy grasps the limits of human reason, and values are beyond it |
58 | p.181 | 2922 | All intelligent Romans were Epicureans |
Fore | p.114 | 2914 | One must never ask whether truth is useful |
1889 | Ecce Homo |
3.1 | p.21 | 2887 | I am not an atheist because of reasoning or evidence, but because of instinct |
4.5 | p.45 | 2886 | The distinction between egoistic and non-egoistic acts is absurd |
Clever §1 | p.236 | 4426 | A bad result distorts one's judgement about the virtue of what one has done |
Fore | p.6 | 2889 | One repays a teacher badly if one remains only a pupil |
II.9 | p.68 | 20132 | To become what you are you must have no self-awareness |
III.Z-1? | p.119 | 20144 | Eternal recurrence is the highest attainable affirmation |
Wise §4 | p.228 | 4425 | The overcoming of pity I count among the noble virtues |
Wise §7 | p.232 | 4424 | A warlike philosopher challenges problems to single combat |
1889 | Twilight of the Idols |
Maxim 08 | p.23 | 15606 | Military idea: what does not kill me makes me stronger |
Maxim 12 | p.23 | 2891 | Only the English actually strive after happiness |
Maxim 26 | p.25 | 2892 | Wanting a system in philosophy is a lack of integrity |
1.01 | p.29 | 2893 | In every age the wisest people have judged life to be worthless |
1.02 | p.30 | 18308 | A philosopher fails in wisdom if he thinks the value of life is a problem |
1.02 | p.30 | 2894 | Value judgements about life can never be true |
1.02 | p.30 | 2895 | The value of life cannot be estimated |
1.04 | p.31 | 2896 | I want to understand the Socratic idea that 'reason equals virtue equals happiness' |
1.05 | p.31 | 2897 | With dialectics the rabble gets on top |
1.05 | p.31 | 2898 | Anything which must first be proved is of little value |
1.10 | p.33 | 2899 | The fanatical rationality of Greek philosophy shows that they were in a state of emergency |
2.1 | p.36 | 18309 | The evidence of the senses is falsified by reason |
2.2 | p.36 | 2900 | I revere Heraclitus |
2.4 | p.37 | 18310 | The 'highest' concepts are the most general and empty concepts |
2.4 | p.37 | 18311 | Philosophers hate values having an origin, and want values to be self-sufficient |
2.4 | p.37 | 18312 | The supreme general but empty concepts must be compatible, and hence we get 'God' |
2.5 | p.38 | 18313 | The big error is to think the will is a faculty producing effects; in fact, it is just a word |
2.5 | p.38 | 18314 | In language we treat 'ego' as a substance, and it is thus that we create the concept 'thing' |
2.5 | p.38 | 18315 | We get the concept of 'being' from the concept of the 'ego' |
2.6 | p.39 | 18317 | The 'real being' of things is a nothingness constructed from contradictions in the actual world |
2.6 | p.39 | 18316 | The grounds for an assertion that the world is only apparent actually establish its reality |
2.6 | p.39 | 18318 | People who disparage actual life avenge themselves by imagining a better one |
4.1 | p.42 | 2901 | How could the Church intelligently fight against passion if it preferred poorness of spirit to intelligence? |
4.3 | p.43 | 18319 | Love is the spiritualisation of sensuality |
4.3 | p.44 | 18320 | To renounce war is to renounce the grand life |
4.4 | p.45 | 2902 | Healthy morality is dominated by an instinct for life |
4.5 | p.45 | 18322 | When we establish values, that is life itself establishing them, through us |
4.5 | p.45 | 18321 | To evaluate life one must know it, but also be situated outside of it |
5.2 | p.48 | 2903 | A good human will be virtuous because they are happy |
5.5 | p.51 | 18323 | Any explanation will be accepted as true if it gives pleasure and a feeling of power |
5.7 | p.53 | 2904 | The doctrine of free will has been invented essentially in order to blame and punish people |
5.8 | p.54 | 2905 | 'Purpose' is just a human fiction |
5.8 | p.54 | 2906 | By denying God we deny human accountability, and thus we redeem the world |
6.1 | p.55 | 18324 | There are no moral facts, and moralists believe in realities which do not exist |
7.5 | p.63 | 2908 | There is a need for educators who are themselves educated |
7.7 | p.65 | 2909 | Thinking has to be learned in the way dancing has to be learned |
8.05 | p.70 | 18325 | Christians believe that only God can know what is good for man |
8.19 | p.78 | 18326 | Beautiful never stands alone; it derives from man's pleasure in man |
8.33 | p.86 | 20368 | There are no 'individual' persons; we are each the sum of humanity up to this moment |
8.35 | p.87 | 18327 | A wholly altruistic morality, with no egoism, is a thoroughly bad thing |
8.36 | p.88 | 18328 | Invalids are parasites |
8.36 | p.88 | 18329 | Sometimes it is an error to have been born - but we can rectify it |
8.37 | p.91 | 18330 | Judging by the positive forces, the Renaissance was the last great age |
8.39 | p.93 | 18332 | The creation of institutions needs a determination which is necessarily anti-liberal |
8.39 | p.93 | 18331 | Democracy is organisational power in decline |
8.48 | p.102 | 2911 | True justice is equality for equals and inequality for unequals |
9.2 | p.106 | 2913 | Thucydides was the perfect anti-platonist sophist |
Maxim 33 | p.26 | 20101 | Without music life would be a mistake |
VI.3 | p.73 | 20133 | The 'motive' is superficial, and may even hide the antecedents of a deed |