Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Laches', 'works' and 'Letters to Queen Charlotte'

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9 ideas

1. Philosophy / A. Wisdom / 3. Wisdom Deflated

291	Don't assume that wisdom is the automatic consequence of old age [Plato]

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 2. Excluded Middle

15941

For intuitionists excluded middle is an outdated historical convention [Brouwer]

6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / h. Reals from Cauchy

18247

Brouwer saw reals as potential, not actual, and produced by a rule, or a choice [Brouwer, by Shapiro]

6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 4. Axioms for Number / a. Axioms for numbers

23026

We know mathematical axioms, such as subtracting equals from equals leaves equals, by a natural light [Leibniz]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 7. Essence and Necessity / b. Essence not necessities

13189

A necessary feature (such as air for humans) is not therefore part of the essence [Leibniz]

10. Modality / D. Knowledge of Modality / 1. A Priori Necessary

19432

Intelligible truth is independent of any external things or experiences [Leibniz]

12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 2. Qualities in Perception / d. Secondary qualities

19430

We know objects by perceptions, but their qualities don't reveal what it is we are perceiving [Leibniz]

12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 1. Empiricism

19431

There is nothing in the understanding but experiences, plus the understanding itself, and the understander [Leibniz]

23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 3. Virtues / d. Courage

293	Being unafraid (perhaps through ignorance) and being brave are two different things [Plato]