Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'fragments/reports', 'Reference and Contingency' and 'Darwinian Metaphysics: Species and Essentialism'

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these texts

---

5 ideas

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 8. Continuity of Rivers

579	Cratylus said you couldn't even step into the same river once [Cratylus, by Aristotle]

10. Modality / B. Possibility / 5. Contingency

14895

'Superficial' contingency: false in some world; 'Deep' contingency: no obvious verification [Evans, by Macià/Garcia-Carpentiro]

10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / b. Rigid designation

11881

Rigid designators can be meaningful even if empty [Evans, by Mackie,P]

13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 1. Scepticism

578	Cratylus decided speech was hopeless, and his only expression was the movement of a finger [Cratylus, by Aristotle]

27. Natural Reality / G. Biology / 5. Species

17366

Virtually all modern views of speciation rest on relational rather than intrinsic features [Okasha]