12 ideas
| 20771 | Six parts: dialectic, rhetoric, ethics, politics, physics, theology [Cleanthes, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 23269 | Philosophy must start from clearly observed facts [Galen] |
| 10594 | Henkin semantics is more plausible for plural logic than for second-order logic [Maddy] |
| 23266 | The spirit in the soul wants freedom, power and honour [Galen] |
| 23219 | Stopping the heart doesn't terminate activity; pressing the brain does that [Galen, by Cobb] |
| 23264 | Philosophers think faculties are in substances, and invent a faculty for every activity [Galen] |
| 6028 | Bodies interact with other bodies, and cuts cause pain, and shame causes blushing, so the soul is a body [Cleanthes, by Nemesius] |
| 20831 | The soul suffers when the body hurts, creates redness from shame, and pallor from fear [Cleanthes] |
| 23220 | The brain contains memory and reason, and is the source of sensation and decision [Galen] |
| 23265 | The rational part of the soul is the desire for truth, understanding and recollection [Galen] |
| 23268 | We execute irredeemable people, to protect ourselves, as a deterrent, and ending a bad life [Galen] |
| 5993 | The ascending scale of living creatures requires a perfect being [Cleanthes, by Tieleman] |