140 ideas
| 9199 | Wisdom for one instant is as good as wisdom for eternity [Chrysippus] |
| 20853 | Wise men should try to participate in politics, since they are a good influence [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 7170 | 'Wisdom' attempts to get beyond perspectives, making it hostile to life [Nietzsche] |
| 20772 | Three branches of philosophy: first logic, second ethics, third physics (which ends with theology) [Chrysippus] |
| 7167 | Words such as 'I' and 'do' and 'done to' are placed at the point where our ignorance begins [Nietzsche] |
| 7196 | Pessimism is laughable, because the world cannot be evaluated [Nietzsche] |
| 7137 | Is a 'philosopher' now impossible, because knowledge is too vast for an overview? [Nietzsche] |
| 7132 | Philosophers should create and fight for their concepts, not just clean and clarify them [Nietzsche] |
| 19404 | Necessities rest on contradiction, and contingencies on sufficient reason [Leibniz] |
| 5969 | Chrysippus said the uncaused is non-existent [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 21388 | The causes of future true events must exist now, so they will happen because of destiny [Chrysippus, by Cicero] |
| 20780 | Graspable presentations are criteria of facts, and are molded according to their objects [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 20793 | How could you ever know that the presentation is similar to the object? [Sext.Empiricus on Chrysippus] |
| 8077 | Stoic propositional logic is like chemistry - how atoms make molecules, not the innards of atoms [Chrysippus, by Devlin] |
| 20791 | Chrysippus has five obvious 'indemonstrables' of reasoning [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 7188 | Logic tries to understand the world according to a man-made scheme [Nietzsche] |
| 7145 | Logic is not driven by truth, but desire for a simple single viewpoint [Nietzsche] |
| 7144 | Logic must falsely assume that identical cases exist [Nietzsche] |
| 8078 | Modus ponens is one of five inference rules identified by the Stoics [Chrysippus, by Devlin] |
| 6023 | Every proposition is either true or false [Chrysippus, by Cicero] |
| 5992 | Chrysippus says action is the criterion for existence, which must be physical [Chrysippus, by Tieleman] |
| 7153 | We can't be realists, because we don't know what being is [Nietzsche] |
| 21673 | There are simple and complex facts; the latter depend on further facts [Chrysippus, by Cicero] |
| 16652 | Stoics categories are Substrate, Quality, Disposition, and Relation [Chrysippus, by Pasnau] |
| 7174 | Categories are not metaphysical truths, but inventions in the service of needs [Nietzsche] |
| 7175 | Philosophers find it particularly hard to shake off belief in necessary categories [Nietzsche] |
| 7189 | Maybe there are only subjects, and 'objects' result from relations between subjects [Nietzsche] |
| 7207 | Counting needs unities, but that doesn't mean they exist; we borrowed it from the concept of 'I' [Nietzsche] |
| 16058 | Dion and Theon coexist, but Theon lacks a foot. If Dion loses a foot, he ousts Theon? [Chrysippus, by Philo of Alexandria] |
| 7161 | The essence of a thing is only an opinion about the 'thing' [Nietzsche] |
| 16059 | Change of matter doesn't destroy identity - in Dion and Theon change is a condition of identity [Chrysippus, by Long/Sedley] |
| 7134 | Something can be irrefutable; that doesn't make it true [Nietzsche] |
| 7186 | There are no necessary truths, but something must be held to be true [Nietzsche] |
| 7154 | We can't use our own self to criticise our own capacity for knowledge! [Nietzsche] |
| 7146 | Belief in the body is better established than belief in the mind [Nietzsche] |
| 7156 | Sense perceptions contain values (useful, so pleasant) [Nietzsche] |
| 7181 | Pain shows the value of the damage, not what has been damaged [Nietzsche] |
| 7129 | Perception is unconscious, and we are only conscious of processed perceptions [Nietzsche] |
| 7149 | Comprehending everything is impossible, because it abolishes perspectives [Nietzsche] |
| 7169 | Is the perspectival part of the essence, or just a relation between beings? [Nietzsche] |
| 7182 | 'Perspectivism': the world has no meaning, but various interpretations give it countless meanings [Nietzsche] |
| 7183 | 'Subjectivity' is an interpretation, since subjects (and interpreters) are fictions [Nietzsche] |
| 7133 | There are different eyes, so different 'truths', so there is no truth [Nietzsche] |
| 7139 | Explanation is just showing the succession of things ever more clearly [Nietzsche] |
| 7131 | The intellect and senses are a simplifying apparatus [Nietzsche] |
| 7152 | With protoplasm ½+½=2, so the soul is not an indivisible monad [Nietzsche] |
| 7130 | Unity is not in the conscious 'I', but in the organism, which uses the self as a tool [Nietzsche] |
| 1875 | Dogs show reason in decisions made by elimination [Chrysippus, by Sext.Empiricus] |
| 7155 | Consciousness exists to the extent that consciousness is useful [Nietzsche] |
| 7143 | Consciousness is a 'tool' - just as the stomach is a tool [Nietzsche] |
| 7157 | We think each thought causes the next, unaware of the hidden struggle beneath [Nietzsche] |
| 7148 | The 'I' is a conceptual synthesis, not the governor of our being [Nietzsche] |
| 7138 | The 'I' is a fiction used to make the world of becoming 'knowable' [Nietzsche] |
| 20834 | Chrysippus allows evil to say it is fated, or even that it is rational and natural [Plutarch on Chrysippus] |
| 20833 | A swerve in the atoms would be unnatural, like scales settling differently for no reason [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 7135 | 'Freedom of will' is the feeling of having a dominating force [Nietzsche] |
| 20808 | Everything is fated, either by continuous causes or by a supreme rational principle [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 20835 | Chrysippus is wrong to believe in non-occurring future possibilities if he is a fatalist [Plutarch on Chrysippus] |
| 20836 | The Lazy Argument responds to fate with 'why bother?', but the bothering is also fated [Chrysippus, by Cicero] |
| 20837 | Fate is an eternal and fixed chain of causal events [Chrysippus] |
| 21679 | When we say events are fated by antecedent causes, do we mean principal or auxiliary causes? [Chrysippus] |
| 5971 | Destiny is only a predisposing cause, not a sufficient cause [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 7171 | Rationality is a scheme we cannot cast away [Nietzsche] |
| 20787 | A proposition is what can be asserted or denied on its own [Chrysippus] |
| 20850 | Passions are judgements; greed thinks money is honorable, and likewise drinking and lust [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 7209 | There is no will; weakness of will is splitting of impulses, strong will is coordination under one impulse [Nietzsche] |
| 20869 | The highest degree of morality performs all that is appropriate, omitting nothing [Chrysippus] |
| 7194 | Experiencing a thing as beautiful is to experience it wrongly [Nietzsche] |
| 3044 | Stoics say that beauty and goodness are equivalent and linked [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 7136 | Morality is a system of values which accompanies a being's life [Nietzsche] |
| 7163 | Morality is merely interpretations, which are extra-moral in origin [Nietzsche] |
| 20838 | Fate initiates general causes, but individual wills and characters dictate what we do [Chrysippus] |
| 7147 | Values are innate and inherited [Nietzsche] |
| 7190 | Our values express an earlier era's conditions for survival and growth [Nietzsche] |
| 20813 | Human purpose is to contemplate and imitate the cosmos [Chrysippus] |
| 3045 | Stoics say justice is a part of nature, not just an invented principle [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 20774 | Only nature is available to guide action and virtue [Chrysippus] |
| 7201 | Knowledge, wisdom and goodness only have value relative to a goal [Nietzsche] |
| 20864 | Live in agreement, according to experience of natural events [Chrysippus] |
| 7205 | Altruism is praised by the egoism of the weak, who want everyone to be looked after [Nietzsche] |
| 7141 | A living being is totally 'egoistic' [Nietzsche] |
| 5972 | Living happily is nothing but living virtuously [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 1777 | Pleasure is not the good, because there are disgraceful pleasures [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 5973 | Justice can be preserved if pleasure is a good, but not if it is the goal [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 7168 | Modest people express happiness as 'Not bad' [Nietzsche] |
| 7159 | The only happiness is happiness with illusion [Nietzsche] |
| 7197 | Pleasure needs dissatisfaction, boundaries and resistances [Nietzsche] |
| 20845 | There are shameful pleasures, and nothing shameful is good, so pleasure is not a good [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 5967 | People need nothing except corn and water [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 5966 | All virtue is good, but not always praised (as in not lusting after someone ugly) [Chrysippus] |
| 20855 | Chrysippus says virtue can be lost (though Cleanthes says it is too secure for that) [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 5970 | Chrysippus says nothing is blameworthy, as everything conforms with the best nature [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 7165 | Virtue is wasteful, as it reduces us all to being one another's nurse [Nietzsche] |
| 7193 | Virtue for everyone removes its charm of being exceptional and aristocratic [Nietzsche] |
| 7191 | What does not kill us makes us stronger [Nietzsche] |
| 7151 | Courage, compassion, insight, solitude are the virtues, with courtesy a necessary vice [Nietzsche] |
| 7185 | Replace the categorical imperative by the natural imperative [Nietzsche] |
| 7164 | Not feeling harnessed to a system of 'ends' is a wonderful feeling of freedom [Nietzsche] |
| 7198 | Nihilism results from measuring the world by our categories which are purely invented [Nietzsche] |
| 7150 | By developing herd virtues man fixes what has up to now been the 'unfixed animal' [Nietzsche] |
| 7177 | Virtues from outside are dangerous, and they should come from within [Nietzsche] |
| 7172 | Existence without meaning or goal or end, eternally recurring, is a terrible thought [Nietzsche] |
| 7166 | Man is above all a judging animal [Nietzsche] |
| 20842 | Rational animals begin uncorrupted, but externals and companions are bad influences [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 7204 | The upholding of the military state is needed to maintain the strong human type [Nietzsche] |
| 7173 | Rights arise out of contracts, which need a balance of power [Nietzsche] |
| 20856 | Justice, the law, and right reason are natural and not conventional [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 1779 | We don't have obligations to animals as they aren't like us [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 20857 | Justice is irrelevant to animals, because they are too unlike us [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 20812 | Covers are for shields, and sheaths for swords; likewise, all in the cosmos is for some other thing [Chrysippus] |
| 7176 | 'Purpose' is like the sun, where most heat is wasted, and a tiny part has 'purpose' [Nietzsche] |
| 7195 | If the world aimed at an end, it would have reached it by now [Nietzsche] |
| 21403 | The later Stoics identified the logos with an air-fire compound, called 'pneuma' [Chrysippus, by Long] |
| 20828 | Fire is a separate element, not formed with others (as was previously believed) [Chrysippus, by Stobaeus] |
| 5975 | Stoics say earth, air, fire and water are the primary elements [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 19403 | Each of the infinite possible worlds has its own laws, and the individuals contain those laws [Leibniz] |
| 7206 | Things are strong or weak, and do not behave regularly or according to rules or compulsions [Nietzsche] |
| 7140 | Chemical 'laws' are merely the establishment of power relations between weaker and stronger [Nietzsche] |
| 7142 | All motions and 'laws' are symptoms of inner events, traceable to the will to power [Nietzsche] |
| 20819 | The past and the future subsist, but only the present exists [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 20818 | The present does not exist, so our immediate experience is actually part past and part future [Chrysippus, by Plutarch] |
| 20821 | Time is continous and infinitely divisible, so there cannot be a wholly present time [Chrysippus, by Stobaeus] |
| 7178 | The utility of an organ does not explain its origin, on the contrary! [Nietzsche] |
| 7179 | Survival might undermine an individual's value, or prevent its evolution [Nietzsche] |
| 7180 | Darwin overestimates the influence of 'external circumstances' [Nietzsche] |
| 7192 | Remove goodness and wisdom from our concept of God. Being the highest power is enough! [Nietzsche] |
| 3048 | Stoics say that God the creator is the perfection of all animals [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 20773 | The origin of justice can only be in Zeus, and in nature [Chrysippus] |
| 7158 | Morality kills religion, because a Christian-moral God is unbelievable [Nietzsche] |
| 7199 | It is dishonest to invent a being containing our greatest values, thus ignoring why they exist and are valuable [Nietzsche] |
| 3042 | Stoics teach that law is identical with right reason, which is the will of Zeus [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 5965 | The source of all justice is Zeus and the universal nature [Chrysippus] |
| 7162 | Morality can only be upheld by belief in God and a 'hereafter' [Nietzsche] |
| 7208 | Paganism is a form of thanking and affirming life? [Nietzsche] |
| 1782 | Stoics teach that God is a unity, variously known as Mind, or Fate, or Jupiter [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 7160 | Christian belief is kept alive because it is soothing - the proof based on pleasure [Nietzsche] |
| 20830 | Death can't separate soul from body, because incorporeal soul can't unite with body [Chrysippus] |
| 7203 | In heaven all the interesting men are missing [Nietzsche] |
| 7200 | A combination of great power and goodness would mean the disastrous abolition of evil [Nietzsche] |
| 21404 | There is a rationale in terrible disasters; they are useful to the whole, and make good possible [Chrysippus] |