126 ideas
7170 | 'Wisdom' attempts to get beyond perspectives, making it hostile to life [Nietzsche] |
7167 | Words such as 'I' and 'do' and 'done to' are placed at the point where our ignorance begins [Nietzsche] |
7196 | Pessimism is laughable, because the world cannot be evaluated [Nietzsche] |
7137 | Is a 'philosopher' now impossible, because knowledge is too vast for an overview? [Nietzsche] |
7132 | Philosophers should create and fight for their concepts, not just clean and clarify them [Nietzsche] |
16325 | Analysis rests on natural language, but its ideal is a framework which revises language [Halbach] |
16292 | An explicit definition enables the elimination of what is defined [Halbach] |
16307 | Don't trust analogies; they are no more than a guideline [Halbach] |
16330 | Truth-value 'gluts' allow two truth values together; 'gaps' give a partial conception of truth [Halbach] |
16339 | Truth axioms prove objects exist, so truth doesn't seem to be a logical notion [Halbach] |
16324 | Any definition of truth requires a metalanguage [Halbach] |
16293 | Traditional definitions of truth often make it more obscure, rather than less [Halbach] |
16301 | If people have big doubts about truth, a definition might give it more credibility [Halbach] |
16297 | Semantic theories avoid Tarski's Theorem by sticking to a sublanguage [Halbach] |
16337 | Disquotational truth theories are short of deductive power [Halbach] |
16322 | CT proves PA consistent, which PA can't do on its own, so CT is not conservative over PA [Halbach] |
16294 | Axiomatic truth doesn't presuppose a truth-definition, though it could admit it at a later stage [Halbach] |
16326 | The main semantic theories of truth are Kripke's theory, and revisions semantics [Halbach] |
16311 | To axiomatise Tarski's truth definition, we need a binary predicate for his 'satisfaction' [Halbach] |
16318 | Compositional Truth CT has the truth of a sentence depending of the semantic values of its constituents [Halbach] |
16299 | Gödel numbering means a theory of truth can use Peano Arithmetic as its base theory [Halbach] |
16340 | Truth axioms need a base theory, because that is where truth issues arise [Halbach] |
16305 | We know a complete axiomatisation of truth is not feasible [Halbach] |
16313 | A theory is 'conservative' if it adds no new theorems to its base theory [Halbach, by PG] |
16315 | The Tarski Biconditional theory TB is Peano Arithmetic, plus truth, plus all Tarski bi-conditionals [Halbach] |
16314 | Theories of truth are 'typed' (truth can't apply to sentences containing 'true'), or 'type-free' [Halbach] |
16327 | Friedman-Sheard is type-free Compositional Truth, with two inference rules for truth [Halbach] |
16329 | Kripke-Feferman theory KF axiomatises Kripke fixed-points, with Strong Kleene logic with gluts [Halbach] |
16332 | The KF theory is useful, but it is not a theory containing its own truth predicate [Halbach] |
16331 | The KF is much stronger deductively than FS, which relies on classical truth [Halbach] |
16319 | Compositional Truth CT proves generalisations, so is preferred in discussions of deflationism [Halbach] |
16320 | Some say deflationism is axioms which are conservative over the base theory [Halbach] |
16338 | Deflationism says truth is a disquotation device to express generalisations, adding no new knowledge [Halbach] |
16317 | The main problem for deflationists is they can express generalisations, but not prove them [Halbach] |
16316 | Deflationists say truth is just for expressing infinite conjunctions or generalisations [Halbach] |
16335 | In Strong Kleene logic a disjunction just needs one disjunct to be true [Halbach] |
16334 | In Weak Kleene logic there are 'gaps', neither true nor false if one component lacks a truth value [Halbach] |
16309 | Every attempt at formal rigour uses some set theory [Halbach] |
7188 | Logic tries to understand the world according to a man-made scheme [Nietzsche] |
7145 | Logic is not driven by truth, but desire for a simple single viewpoint [Nietzsche] |
7144 | Logic must falsely assume that identical cases exist [Nietzsche] |
16333 | The underestimated costs of giving up classical logic are found in mathematical reasoning [Halbach] |
16310 | A theory is some formulae and all of their consequences [Halbach] |
16342 | You cannot just say all of Peano arithmetic is true, as 'true' isn't part of the system [Halbach] |
16341 | Normally we only endorse a theory if we believe it to be sound [Halbach] |
16344 | Soundness must involve truth; the soundness of PA certainly needs it [Halbach] |
16347 | Many new paradoxes may await us when we study interactions between frameworks [Halbach] |
16336 | The liar paradox applies truth to a negated truth (but the conditional will serve equally) [Halbach] |
16321 | The compactness theorem can prove nonstandard models of PA [Halbach] |
16343 | The global reflection principle seems to express the soundness of Peano Arithmetic [Halbach] |
16312 | To reduce PA to ZF, we represent the non-negative integers with von Neumann ordinals [Halbach] |
16308 | Set theory was liberated early from types, and recent truth-theories are exploring type-free [Halbach] |
16345 | That Peano arithmetic is interpretable in ZF set theory is taken by philosophers as a reduction [Halbach] |
7153 | We can't be realists, because we don't know what being is [Nietzsche] |
7174 | Categories are not metaphysical truths, but inventions in the service of needs [Nietzsche] |
7175 | Philosophers find it particularly hard to shake off belief in necessary categories [Nietzsche] |
7189 | Maybe there are only subjects, and 'objects' result from relations between subjects [Nietzsche] |
7207 | Counting needs unities, but that doesn't mean they exist; we borrowed it from the concept of 'I' [Nietzsche] |
7161 | The essence of a thing is only an opinion about the 'thing' [Nietzsche] |
7134 | Something can be irrefutable; that doesn't make it true [Nietzsche] |
16346 | Maybe necessity is a predicate, not the usual operator, to make it more like truth [Halbach] |
7186 | There are no necessary truths, but something must be held to be true [Nietzsche] |
7154 | We can't use our own self to criticise our own capacity for knowledge! [Nietzsche] |
7146 | Belief in the body is better established than belief in the mind [Nietzsche] |
7156 | Sense perceptions contain values (useful, so pleasant) [Nietzsche] |
7181 | Pain shows the value of the damage, not what has been damaged [Nietzsche] |
7129 | Perception is unconscious, and we are only conscious of processed perceptions [Nietzsche] |
3061 | Anaxarchus said that he was not even sure that he knew nothing [Anaxarchus, by Diog. Laertius] |
7149 | Comprehending everything is impossible, because it abolishes perspectives [Nietzsche] |
7169 | Is the perspectival part of the essence, or just a relation between beings? [Nietzsche] |
7182 | 'Perspectivism': the world has no meaning, but various interpretations give it countless meanings [Nietzsche] |
7183 | 'Subjectivity' is an interpretation, since subjects (and interpreters) are fictions [Nietzsche] |
7133 | There are different eyes, so different 'truths', so there is no truth [Nietzsche] |
7139 | Explanation is just showing the succession of things ever more clearly [Nietzsche] |
7131 | The intellect and senses are a simplifying apparatus [Nietzsche] |
7152 | With protoplasm ˝+˝=2, so the soul is not an indivisible monad [Nietzsche] |
7130 | Unity is not in the conscious 'I', but in the organism, which uses the self as a tool [Nietzsche] |
7155 | Consciousness exists to the extent that consciousness is useful [Nietzsche] |
7143 | Consciousness is a 'tool' - just as the stomach is a tool [Nietzsche] |
7157 | We think each thought causes the next, unaware of the hidden struggle beneath [Nietzsche] |
7148 | The 'I' is a conceptual synthesis, not the governor of our being [Nietzsche] |
7138 | The 'I' is a fiction used to make the world of becoming 'knowable' [Nietzsche] |
7135 | 'Freedom of will' is the feeling of having a dominating force [Nietzsche] |
7171 | Rationality is a scheme we cannot cast away [Nietzsche] |
16298 | We need propositions to ascribe the same beliefs to people with different languages [Halbach] |
7209 | There is no will; weakness of will is splitting of impulses, strong will is coordination under one impulse [Nietzsche] |
7194 | Experiencing a thing as beautiful is to experience it wrongly [Nietzsche] |
7136 | Morality is a system of values which accompanies a being's life [Nietzsche] |
7163 | Morality is merely interpretations, which are extra-moral in origin [Nietzsche] |
7147 | Values are innate and inherited [Nietzsche] |
7190 | Our values express an earlier era's conditions for survival and growth [Nietzsche] |
7201 | Knowledge, wisdom and goodness only have value relative to a goal [Nietzsche] |
7205 | Altruism is praised by the egoism of the weak, who want everyone to be looked after [Nietzsche] |
7141 | A living being is totally 'egoistic' [Nietzsche] |
7168 | Modest people express happiness as 'Not bad' [Nietzsche] |
7159 | The only happiness is happiness with illusion [Nietzsche] |
7197 | Pleasure needs dissatisfaction, boundaries and resistances [Nietzsche] |
7165 | Virtue is wasteful, as it reduces us all to being one another's nurse [Nietzsche] |
7193 | Virtue for everyone removes its charm of being exceptional and aristocratic [Nietzsche] |
7191 | What does not kill us makes us stronger [Nietzsche] |
7151 | Courage, compassion, insight, solitude are the virtues, with courtesy a necessary vice [Nietzsche] |
7185 | Replace the categorical imperative by the natural imperative [Nietzsche] |
7164 | Not feeling harnessed to a system of 'ends' is a wonderful feeling of freedom [Nietzsche] |
7198 | Nihilism results from measuring the world by our categories which are purely invented [Nietzsche] |
7150 | By developing herd virtues man fixes what has up to now been the 'unfixed animal' [Nietzsche] |
7177 | Virtues from outside are dangerous, and they should come from within [Nietzsche] |
7172 | Existence without meaning or goal or end, eternally recurring, is a terrible thought [Nietzsche] |
7166 | Man is above all a judging animal [Nietzsche] |
7204 | The upholding of the military state is needed to maintain the strong human type [Nietzsche] |
7173 | Rights arise out of contracts, which need a balance of power [Nietzsche] |
7176 | 'Purpose' is like the sun, where most heat is wasted, and a tiny part has 'purpose' [Nietzsche] |
7195 | If the world aimed at an end, it would have reached it by now [Nietzsche] |
7206 | Things are strong or weak, and do not behave regularly or according to rules or compulsions [Nietzsche] |
7140 | Chemical 'laws' are merely the establishment of power relations between weaker and stronger [Nietzsche] |
7142 | All motions and 'laws' are symptoms of inner events, traceable to the will to power [Nietzsche] |
7180 | Darwin overestimates the influence of 'external circumstances' [Nietzsche] |
7179 | Survival might undermine an individual's value, or prevent its evolution [Nietzsche] |
7178 | The utility of an organ does not explain its origin, on the contrary! [Nietzsche] |
7192 | Remove goodness and wisdom from our concept of God. Being the highest power is enough! [Nietzsche] |
7158 | Morality kills religion, because a Christian-moral God is unbelievable [Nietzsche] |
7199 | It is dishonest to invent a being containing our greatest values, thus ignoring why they exist and are valuable [Nietzsche] |
7162 | Morality can only be upheld by belief in God and a 'hereafter' [Nietzsche] |
7208 | Paganism is a form of thanking and affirming life? [Nietzsche] |
7160 | Christian belief is kept alive because it is soothing - the proof based on pleasure [Nietzsche] |
7203 | In heaven all the interesting men are missing [Nietzsche] |
7200 | A combination of great power and goodness would mean the disastrous abolition of evil [Nietzsche] |