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'fragments/reports', 'Introduction to the Philosophy of Mathematics' and 'Things and Their Parts'
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5 ideas
5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 5. Modus Ponens
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Modus ponens is one of five inference rules identified by the Stoics [Chrysippus, by Devlin]
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5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 2. Excluded Middle
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Every proposition is either true or false [Chrysippus, by Cicero]
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Excluded middle says P or not-P; bivalence says P is either true or false [Colyvan]
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5. Theory of Logic / J. Model Theory in Logic / 3. Löwenheim-Skolem Theorems
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Löwenheim proved his result for a first-order sentence, and Skolem generalised it [Colyvan]
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5. Theory of Logic / K. Features of Logics / 1. Axiomatisation
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Axioms are 'categorical' if all of their models are isomorphic [Colyvan]
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