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'fragments/reports', 'Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy' and 'Db (ideas)'
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10 ideas
2. Reason / D. Definition / 4. Real Definition
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9959
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'Real' definitions give the essential properties of things under a concept [Mautner]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 7. Contextual Definition
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9961
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'Contextual definitions' replace whole statements, not just expressions [Mautner]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 9. Recursive Definition
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9958
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Recursive definition defines each instance from a previous instance [Mautner]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 10. Stipulative Definition
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9960
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A stipulative definition lays down that an expression is to have a certain meaning [Mautner]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 11. Ostensive Definition
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9957
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Ostensive definitions point to an object which an expression denotes [Mautner]
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 1. Fallacy
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4686
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Fallacies are errors in reasoning, 'formal' if a clear rule is breached, and 'informal' if more general [PG]
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 3. Question Begging
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7415
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Question-begging assumes the proposition which is being challenged [PG]
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 5. Fallacy of Composition
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6219
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The fallacy of composition is the assumption that what is true of the parts is true of the whole [Mautner]
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 6. Fallacy of Division
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7414
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What is true of a set is also true of its members [PG]
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 7. Ad Hominem
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6696
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The Ad Hominem Fallacy criticises the speaker rather than the argument [PG]
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