Ideas from 'Parmenides' by Plato [366 BCE], by Theme Structure

[found in 'Complete Works' by Plato (ed/tr Cooper,John M.) [Hackett 1997,0-87220-349-2]].

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2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 1. On Reason

224	When questions are doubtful we should concentrate not on objects but on ideas of the intellect

2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 5. Opposites

232	Opposites are as unlike as possible

2. Reason / C. Styles of Reason / 1. Dialectic

8937	Plato's 'Parmenides' is the greatest artistic achievement of the ancient dialectic [Hegel]

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 4. Identity in Logic

24299

Equals added to unequals maintain the difference between them

5. Theory of Logic / L. Paradox / 3. Antinomies

13986

Plato found antinomies in ideas, Kant in space and time, and Bradley in relations [Ryle]

14150

Plato's 'Parmenides' is perhaps the best collection of antinomies ever made [Russell]

6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 4. Using Numbers / a. Units

24302

Without oneness we can't conceive of many

6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 5. The Infinite / b. Mark of the infinite

24301

If we subtract a part from a multitude, will that part not itself be a multitude?

6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 1. Mathematical Platonism / a. For mathematical platonism

16150

One is, so numbers exist, so endless numbers exist, and each one must partake of being

7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / b. Being and existence

24297

Is existence just being combined with time?

7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / c. Becoming

229	The one was and is and will be and was becoming and is becoming and will become

24298

What is becoming can't avoid the now, and then it ceases to become, and is itself

7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / f. Primary being

21821

Plato's Parmenides has a three-part theory, of Primal One, a One-Many, and a One-and-Many [Plotinus]

7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 3. Reality

221	Absolute ideas, such as the Good and the Beautiful, cannot be known by us

8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 1. Universals

24292

Are many people covered by a whole sail, or each person by a part of it?

24293

Maybe thoughts are just thoughts in minds - but how then do they cover many instances?

8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 2. Need for Universals

227	You must always mean the same thing when you utter the same name

223	If you deny that each thing always stays the same, you destroy the possibility of discussion

8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 6. Platonic Forms / a. Platonic Forms

211	If admirable things have Forms, maybe everything else does as well

228	Greatness and smallness must exist, to be opposed to one another, and come into being in things

24294

The powers of forms and powers of our world are quite separate

210	It would be absurd to think there were abstract Forms for vile things like hair, mud and dirt

16151

Plato moves from Forms to a theory of genera and principles in his later work [Frede,M]

219	If absolute ideas existed in us, they would cease to be absolute

8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 6. Platonic Forms / b. Partaking

212	The whole idea of each Form must be found in each thing which participates in it

213	Each idea is in all its participants at once, just as daytime is a unity but in many separate places at once

24282

A form is wholly present in many different things (just as a day is present in many places)

24288

Probably partaking in the Forms is like being modeled on a pattern

215	If things partake of ideas, this implies either that everything thinks, or that everything actually is thought

24283

It is most likely that forms are patterns, and a thing partakes by being modelled on the form

216	If things are made alike by participating in something, that thing will be the absolute idea

218	Participation is not by means of similarity, so we are looking for some other method of participation

8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 6. Platonic Forms / c. Self-predication

214	If absolute greatness and great things are seen as the same, another thing appears which makes them seem great

217	Nothing can be like an absolute idea, because a third idea intervenes to make them alike (leading to a regress)

8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 6. Platonic Forms / d. Forms critiques

24287

If a Form exists completely in may things, then it is separated from itself

24289

Forms are very difficult, if we must posit a new Form every time we make a distinction

24290

The master-slave relationships are between people, not between mastery and slavery

9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 1. Unifying an Object / b. Unifying aggregates

15851

Parts must belong to a created thing with a distinct form

9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 5. Composition of an Object

15846

In Parmenides, if composition is identity, a whole is nothing more than its parts [Harte,V]

9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 8. Parts of Objects / a. Parts of objects

15849

Plato says only a one has parts, and a many does not [Harte,V]

15850

Anything which has parts must be one thing, and parts are of a one, not of a many

9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 8. Parts of Objects / c. Wholes from parts

13259

It seems that the One must be composed of parts, which contradicts its being one

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 6. Identity between Objects

15847

Two things relate either as same or different, or part of a whole, or the whole of the part

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / g. Causal explanations

24295

To find the truth about the being of something, you must study all of its consequences

25. Social Practice / E. Policies / 5. Education / c. Teaching

222	Only a great person can understand the essence of things, and an even greater person can teach it

26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / d. The unlimited

225	The unlimited has no shape and is endless

26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / e. The One

233	Some things do not partake of the One

2062	The only movement possible for the One is in space or in alteration

231	Everything partakes of the One in some way

24296

The one is completely unmoving, because no types of motion are possible for it

24231

The One is timeless, has no being or identity, and cannot be known

27. Natural Reality / D. Time / 3. Parts of Time / b. Instants

24300

The instant has no time, but change moves to rest in an instant

28. God / B. Proving God / 2. Proofs of Reason / a. Ontological Proof

234	We couldn't discuss the non-existence of the One without knowledge of it