Ideas from 'Necessary Beings' by Bob Hale [2013], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Necessary Beings' by Hale,Bob [OUP 2013,978-0-19-874803-8]].
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1. Philosophy / E. Nature of Metaphysics / 1. Nature of Metaphysics
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19275
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You cannot understand what exists without understanding possibility and necessity
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 6. Definition by Essence
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19291
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A canonical defintion specifies the type of thing, and what distinguish this specimen
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4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 7. Barcan Formula
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19301
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With a negative free logic, we can dispense with the Barcan formulae
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19297
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The two Barcan principles are easily proved in fairly basic modal logic
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5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 7. Second-Order Logic
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19296
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If second-order variables range over sets, those are just objects; properties and relations aren't sets
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5. Theory of Logic / C. Ontology of Logic / 4. Logic by Convention
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19289
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Maybe conventionalism applies to meaning, but not to the truth of propositions expressed
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5. Theory of Logic / H. Proof Systems / 4. Natural Deduction
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19298
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Unlike axiom proofs, natural deduction proofs needn't focus on logical truths and theorems
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6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 6. Logicism / c. Neo-logicism
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19295
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Add Hume's principle to logic, to get numbers; arithmetic truths rest on the nature of the numbers
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7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 5. Supervenience / a. Nature of supervenience
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19281
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Interesting supervenience must characterise the base quite differently from what supervenes on it
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7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 8. Facts / c. Facts and truths
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19278
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There is no gap between a fact that p, and it is true that p; so we only have the truth-condtions for p
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9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 5. Composition of an Object
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19302
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If a chair could be made of slightly different material, that could lead to big changes
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10. Modality / A. Necessity / 3. Types of Necessity
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19290
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Absolute necessities are necessarily necessary
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19286
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'Absolute necessity' is when there is no restriction on the things which necessitate p
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19288
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Logical and metaphysical necessities differ in their vocabulary, and their underlying entities
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10. Modality / A. Necessity / 6. Logical Necessity
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19285
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Logical necessity is something which is true, no matter what else is the case
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19287
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Maybe each type of logic has its own necessity, gradually becoming broader
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10. Modality / C. Sources of Modality / 1. Sources of Necessity
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19282
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It seems that we cannot show that modal facts depend on non-modal facts
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10. Modality / C. Sources of Modality / 6. Necessity from Essence
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19276
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The big challenge for essentialist views of modality is things having necessary existence
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19293
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Essentialism doesn't explain necessity reductively; it explains all necessities in terms of a few basic natures
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19294
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If necessity derives from essences, how do we explain the necessary existence of essences?
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / a. Possible worlds
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19279
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What are these worlds, that being true in all of them makes something necessary?
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / e. Against possible worlds
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19299
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Possible worlds make every proposition true or false, which endorses classical logic
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18. Thought / C. Content / 6. Broad Content
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19300
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The molecules may explain the water, but they are not what 'water' means
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