Ideas from 'Locke on Essences and Kinds' by Antony Eagle [2005], by Theme Structure

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9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 13. Nominal Essence

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If kinds depend only on what can be observed, many underlying essences might produce the same kind

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Nominal essence mistakenly gives equal weight to all underlying properties that produce appearances

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Nominal essence are the observable properties of things

26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 4. Source of Kinds

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Kinds are fixed by the essential properties of things - the properties that make it that kind of thing