Ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre, by Theme
[French, 1905 - 1980, Born and died in Paris. Fought in French resistance. Lifelong partner of Simone de Beauvoir.]
green numbers give full details |
back to list of philosophers |
expand these ideas
1. Philosophy / H. Continental Philosophy / 2. Phenomenology
|
7113
|
Phenomenology assumes that all consciousness is of something
|
7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / h. Dasein (being human)
|
22227
|
For Sartre there is only being for-itself, or being in-itself (which is beyond experience) [Daigle]
|
11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 5. Cogito Critique
|
7112
|
The Cogito depends on a second-order experience, of being conscious of consciousness
|
|
7119
|
Is the Cogito reporting an immediate experience of doubting, or the whole enterprise of doubting?
|
|
7114
|
The consciousness that says 'I think' is not the consciousness that thinks
|
11. Knowledge Aims / C. Knowing Reality / 2. Phenomenalism
|
20743
|
Appearances do not hide the essence; appearances are the essence
|
15. Nature of Minds / A. Nature of Mind / 4. Other Minds / b. Scepticism of other minds
|
7125
|
A consciousness can conceive of no other consciousness than itself
|
|
7122
|
We can never, even in principle, grasp other minds, because the Ego is self-conceiving
|
15. Nature of Minds / A. Nature of Mind / 5. Unity of Mind
|
7108
|
The eternal truth of 2+2=4 is what gives unity to the mind which regularly thinks it
|
15. Nature of Minds / B. Features of Minds / 1. Consciousness / b. Essence of consciousness
|
24016
|
Consciousness always transcends itself
|
|
6151
|
Sartre says consciousness is just directedness towards external objects [Rowlands]
|
15. Nature of Minds / B. Features of Minds / 1. Consciousness / f. Higher-order thought
|
7111
|
Consciousness exists as consciousness of itself
|
15. Nature of Minds / B. Features of Minds / 2. Unconscious Mind
|
22226
|
Since we are a consciousness, Sartre entirely rejected the unconscious mind [Daigle]
|
15. Nature of Minds / B. Features of Minds / 4. Intentionality / a. Nature of intentionality
|
7107
|
Intentionality defines, transcends and unites consciousness
|
16. Persons / A. Concept of a Person / 4. Persons as Agents
|
3847
|
Man is nothing else but the sum of his actions
|
16. Persons / B. Nature of the Self / 4. Presupposition of Self
|
7109
|
If you think of '2+2=4' as the content of thought, the self must be united transcendentally
|
16. Persons / B. Nature of the Self / 6. Self as Higher Awareness
|
7106
|
The Ego is not formally or materially part of consciousness, but is outside in the world
|
16. Persons / C. Self-Awareness / 2. Knowing the Self
|
7117
|
How could two I's, the reflective and the reflected, communicate with each other?
|
|
7123
|
Knowing yourself requires an exterior viewpoint, which is necessarily false
|
|
22225
|
My ego is more intimate to me, but not more certain than other egos
|
16. Persons / C. Self-Awareness / 3. Limits of Introspection
|
7124
|
The Ego never appears except when we are not looking for it
|
|
7116
|
When we are unreflective (as when chasing a tram) there is no 'I'
|
16. Persons / D. Continuity of the Self / 2. Mental Continuity / a. Memory is Self
|
7120
|
It is theoretically possible that the Ego consists entirely of false memories
|
16. Persons / D. Continuity of the Self / 4. Split Consciousness
|
7110
|
If the 'I' is transcendental, it unnecessarily splits consciousness in two
|
16. Persons / E. Rejecting the Self / 4. Denial of the Self
|
7115
|
Maybe it is the act of reflection that brings 'me' into existence
|
|
7121
|
The Ego only appears to reflection, so it is cut off from the World
|
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 1. Nature of Free Will
18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 3. Emotions / a. Nature of emotions
|
24013
|
An emotion and its object form a unity, so emotion is a mode of apprehension
|
|
24017
|
Emotion is one of our modes of understanding our Being-in-the-World
|
18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 3. Emotions / c. Role of emotions
|
24014
|
Emotions are a sort of bodily incantation which brings a magic to the world
|
|
24015
|
Emotions makes us believe in and live in a new world
|
18. Thought / C. Content / 1. Content
|
6164
|
Sartre rejects mental content, and the idea that the mind has hidden inner features [Rowlands]
|
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / e. Human nature
|
7074
|
Man is a useless passion
|
|
6687
|
Man is the desire to be God
|
|
3843
|
There is no human nature
|
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 1. Nature of Value / a. Nature of value
|
20762
|
There are no values to justify us, and no excuses
|
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 1. Nature of Value / d. Subjective value
|
22228
|
Sartre's freedom is not for whimsical action, but taking responsibility for our own values [Daigle]
|
|
3852
|
If values depend on us, freedom is the foundation of all values
|
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 2. Values / g. Love
|
22233
|
Love is the demand to be loved
|
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / e. Character
|
20764
|
In becoming what we want to be we create what we think man ought to be
|
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 3. Virtues / d. Courage
|
3848
|
Cowards are responsible for their cowardice
|
23. Ethics / D. Deontological Ethics / 3. Universalisability
|
20763
|
When my personal freedom becomes involved, I must want freedom for everyone else
|
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 1. Existentialism
|
22229
|
Existentialists says that cowards and heroes make themselves
|
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 3. Angst
|
20755
|
Fear concerns the world, but 'anguish' comes from confronting my self
|
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 5. Existence-Essence
|
3842
|
Existence before essence (or begin with the subjective)
|
|
6868
|
'Existence precedes essence' means we have no pre-existing self, but create it through existence [Le Poidevin]
|
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 6. Authentic Self
|
20760
|
Sincerity is not authenticity, because it only commits to one particular identity [Aho]
|
|
22231
|
We flee from the anguish of freedom by seeing ourselves objectively, as determined
|
|
20754
|
It is dishonest to offer passions as an excuse
|
|
3844
|
Existentialism says man is whatever he makes of himself
|
|
22232
|
Authenticity is taking responsibility for a situation, with all its risks and emotions
|
|
22230
|
Sartre gradually realised that freedom is curtailed by the weight of situation [Daigle]
|
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 7. Existential Action
|
6571
|
When a man must choose between his mother and the Resistance, no theory can help [Fogelin]
|
|
3851
|
If I do not choose, that is still a choice
|
24. Political Theory / B. Nature of a State / 1. Purpose of a State
|
20491
|
States have a monopoly of legitimate violence [Wolff,J]
|
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 9. Communism
|
21240
|
The truth about events always comes from the oppressed and disadvantaged [Bakewell]
|
28. God / A. Divine Nature / 6. Divine Morality / d. God decrees morality
|
3845
|
Without God there is no intelligibility or value
|