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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 1. Laws of Nature

[nature and status of the regularities of nature]

40 ideas
Greeks explained regularity by intellectual design, not by laws [Democritus, by Frede,M]
Principles of things are not hidden features of forms, but the laws by which they were formed [Newton]
The principles of my treatise are designed to fit with a belief in God [Newton]
God's laws would be meaningless without internal powers for following them [Leibniz]
Each possible world contains its own laws, reflected in the possible individuals of that world [Leibniz]
An entelechy is a law of the series of its event within some entity [Leibniz]
Euler said nature is instrinsically passive, and minds cause change [Euler, by Ellis]
Scientists don't know the cause of magnetism, and only discover its regulations [Reid]
Laws are rules for effects, but these need a cause; rules of navigation don't navigate [Reid]
The principle of the law of nature is that matter is passive, and is acted upon [Reid]
The world is full of variety, but laws seem to produce uniformity [Peirce]
Our laws of nature may be the result of evolution [Peirce]
In religious thought nature is a complex of arbitrary acts by conscious beings [Nietzsche]
The law of gravity has many consequences beyond its grounding observations [Russell]
General relativity assumes laws of nature are the same in all frames of reference [Einstein, by Close]
Science depends on laws of nature to study unobserved times and spaces [Armstrong]
A universe couldn't consist of mere laws [Armstrong]
For 'passivists' behaviour is imposed on things from outside [Ellis]
The laws of nature imitate the hierarchy of natural kinds [Ellis]
Laws of nature tend to describe ideal things, or ideal circumstances [Ellis]
We must explain the necessity, idealisation, ontology and structure of natural laws [Ellis]
Laws don't exist in the world; they are true of the world [Ellis]
Classification is just as important as laws in natural science [Harré]
Newton's First Law cannot be demonstrated experimentally, as that needs absence of external forces [Harré]
Physics aims for a list of natural properties [Lewis]
Physics discovers laws and causal explanations, and also the natural properties required [Lewis]
The normative view says laws show the natural behaviour of natural kind members [Lowe, by Mumford/Anjum]
In the 'laws' view events are basic, and properties are categorical, only existing when manifested [Mumford]
There are four candidates for the logical form of law statements [Mumford]
Laws of nature are ontological bedrock, and beyond analysis [Maudlin]
Laws are primitive, so two indiscernible worlds could have the same laws [Maudlin]
Fundamental laws say how nature will, or might, evolve from some initial state [Maudlin]
Laws are explanatory relationships of things, which supervene on their essences [Bird]
Parapsychology is mere speculation, because it offers no mechanisms for its working [Bird]
Newton's laws cannot be confirmed individually, but only in combinations [Bird]
Existence requires laws, as inertia or gravity are needed for mass or matter [Bird]
Science may have uninstantiated laws, inferred from approaching some unrealised limit [Ladyman/Ross]
Many causal laws do not refer to kinds, but only to properties [Chakravartty]
Dispositional essentialism says fundamental laws of nature are strict, not ceteris paribus [Corry]
Any process can go backwards or forwards in time without violating the basic laws of physics [Ingthorsson]