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8. Modes of Existence / A. Relations / 2. Internal Relations

[relations as intrinsic features of the things that are related]

15 ideas
If Simmias is taller than Socrates, that isn't a feature that is just in Simmias [Plato]
The nature of each category relates itself to another [Hegel]
Internal relations are said to be intrinsic properties of two terms, and of the whole they compose [Bradley, by Russell]
Relations must be linked to their qualities, but that implies an infinite regress of relations [Bradley]
A relation is internal if two things possessing the relation could not fail to be related [Moore,GE, by Heil]
A relation is internal if it is unthinkable that its object should not possess it [Wittgenstein]
The order of numbers is an internal relation, not an external one [Wittgenstein]
Truthmaking is a clear example of an internal relation [Heil]
If R internally relates a and b, and you have a and b, you thereby have R [Heil]
In the case of 5 and 6, their relational truthmaker is just the numbers [Heil]
If causal relations are power manifestations, that makes them internal relations [Heil]
Internal relations are fixed by existences, or characters, or supervenience on characters [MacBride]
Relational properties are clearly not essential to substances [Macdonald,C]
The normal assumption is that relations depend on properties of the relata [Ladyman/Ross]
Internal relations depend either on the existence of the relata, or on their properties [Rami]