Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for Mohammed, Gerhard Gentzen and Augustus De Morgan

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32 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 7. Despair over Philosophy
6814 Instead of prayer and charity, sinners pursue vain disputes and want their own personal scripture [Mohammed]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 2. History of Logic
11022 Gentzen introduced a natural deduction calculus (NK) in 1934 [Gentzen, by Read]
5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 2. Logical Connectives / a. Logical connectives
11065 The inferential role of a logical constant constitutes its meaning [Gentzen, by Hanna]
11023 The logical connectives are 'defined' by their introduction rules [Gentzen]
11213 Each logical symbol has an 'introduction' rule to define it, and hence an 'elimination' rule [Gentzen]
5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 6. Relations in Logic
13501 De Morgan found inferences involving relations, which eluded Aristotle's syllogistic [De Morgan, by Hart,WD]
17744 De Morgan started the study of relations and their properties [De Morgan, by Walicki]
5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 2. Domain of Quantification
17743 De Morgan introduced a 'universe of discourse', to replace Boole's universe of 'all things' [De Morgan, by Walicki]
5. Theory of Logic / H. Proof Systems / 4. Natural Deduction
13832 Natural deduction shows the heart of reasoning (and sequent calculus is just a tool) [Gentzen, by Hacking]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 4. Axioms for Number / g. Incompleteness of Arithmetic
10067 Gentzen proved the consistency of arithmetic from assumptions beyond arithmetic [Gentzen, by Musgrave]
23. Ethics / B. Contract Ethics / 1. Contractarianism
6828 You may break off a treaty if you fear treachery from your ally [Mohammed]
6823 Repay evil with good and your enemies will become friends (though this is hard) [Mohammed]
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 3. Virtues / a. Virtues
6826 Allah rewards those who are devout, sincere, patient, humble, charitable, chaste, and who fast [Mohammed]
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 3. Virtues / c. Justice
6822 Those who avenge themselves when wronged incur no guilt [Mohammed]
25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 3. Punishment / c. Deterrence of crime
6833 Punish theft in men or women by cutting off their hands [Mohammed]
25. Social Practice / F. Life Issues / 1. Causing Death
6825 Do not kill except for a just cause [Mohammed]
6832 Killing a human, except as just punishment, is like killing all mankind [Mohammed]
28. God / A. Divine Nature / 2. Divine Nature
6811 Allah is lord of creation, compassionate, merciful, king of judgement-day [Mohammed]
28. God / B. Proving God / 3. Proofs of Evidence / b. Teleological Proof
6819 True believers see that Allah made the night for rest and the day to give light [Mohammed]
29. Religion / B. Monotheistic Religion / 4. Christianity / a. Christianity
6818 Allah cannot have begotten a son, as He is self-sufficient [Mohammed]
29. Religion / B. Monotheistic Religion / 6. Islam
6827 Make war on the unbelievers until Allah's religion reigns supreme [Mohammed]
6829 There shall be no compulsion in religion [Mohammed]
6834 Unbelievers try to interpret the ambiguous parts of the Koran, simply to create dissension [Mohammed]
6817 The Koran is certainly composed by Allah; no one could compose a chapter like it [Mohammed]
6824 Do not split into sects, exulting in separate beliefs [Mohammed]
6821 I created mankind that it might worship Me [Mohammed]
6815 Be patient with unbelievers, and leave them to the judgement of Allah [Mohammed]
6831 He that kills a believer by design shall burn in Hell for ever [Mohammed]
29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 2. Immortality / d. Heaven
6820 The righteous shall dwell on couches in gardens, wedded to dark-eyed houris [Mohammed]
6812 Heaven will be reclining on couches, eating fruit, attended by virgins [Mohammed]
29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 2. Immortality / e. Hell
6830 Unbelievers will have their skin repeatedly burned off in hell [Mohammed]
6816 The unbelievers shall drink boiling water [Mohammed]