Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Oswald Spengler and Ram Neta

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these philosophers

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4 ideas

11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 4. Belief / a. Beliefs

19696

There are reasons 'for which' a belief is held, reasons 'why' it is believed, and reasons 'to' believe it [Neta]

19697

The basing relation of a reason to a belief should both support and explain the belief [Neta]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

24. Political Theory / B. Nature of a State / 5. Culture

20948

Human cultures are organisms which grow, and then fade and die [Spengler, by Bowie]