10 ideas
4304 | Descartes says there are two substance, Spinoza one, and Leibniz infinitely many [Cottingham] |
14637 | Only individuals have essences, so numbers (as a higher type based on classes) lack them [McMichael] |
14636 | Essences are the interesting necessary properties resulting from a thing's own peculiar nature [McMichael] |
14640 | Maybe essential properties have to be intrinsic, as well as necessary? [McMichael] |
14638 | Essentialism is false, because it implies the existence of necessary singular propositions [McMichael] |
4303 | The notion of substance lies at the heart of rationalist metaphysics [Cottingham] |
20653 | Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson] |
4316 | Either all action is rational, or reason dominates, or reason is only concerned with means [Cottingham] |
4306 | For rationalists, it is necessary that effects be deducible from their causes [Cottingham] |
14639 | Individuals enter into laws only through their general qualities and relations [McMichael] |