Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for Engelbretsen,G/Sayward,C, Alan Turing and Michael Martin

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14 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 5. Aims of Philosophy / e. Philosophy as reason

6855	Interesting philosophers hardly every give you explicitly valid arguments [Martin,M]

2. Reason / E. Argument / 1. Argument

6856	Valid arguments can be rejected by challenging the premises or presuppositions [Martin,M]

4. Formal Logic / A. Syllogistic Logic / 1. Aristotelian Logic

13913

The four 'perfect syllogisms' are called Barbara, Celarent, Darii and Ferio [Engelbretsen/Sayward]

13914

Syllogistic logic has one rule: what is affirmed/denied of wholes is affirmed/denied of their parts [Engelbretsen/Sayward]

4. Formal Logic / A. Syllogistic Logic / 2. Syllogistic Logic

13915

Syllogistic can't handle sentences with singular terms, or relational terms, or compound sentences [Engelbretsen/Sayward]

4. Formal Logic / A. Syllogistic Logic / 3. Term Logic

13916

Term logic uses expression letters and brackets, and '-' for negative terms, and '+' for compound terms [Engelbretsen/Sayward]

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 4. Pure Logic

13850

In modern logic all formal validity can be characterised syntactically [Engelbretsen/Sayward]

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 6. Classical Logic

13849

Classical logic rests on truth and models, where constructivist logic rests on defence and refutation [Engelbretsen/Sayward]

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 4. Identity in Logic

13851

Unlike most other signs, = cannot be eliminated [Engelbretsen/Sayward]

5. Theory of Logic / K. Features of Logics / 5. Incompleteness

13852

Axioms are ω-incomplete if the instances are all derivable, but the universal quantification isn't [Engelbretsen/Sayward]

12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 1. Perception

6857	An error theory of perception says our experience is not as it seems to be [Martin,M]

18. Thought / B. Mechanics of Thought / 6. Artificial Thought / b. Turing Machines

3193	Turing showed that logical rules can be specified computationally and mechanically [Turing, by Rey]

3979	The Turing Machine is the best idea yet about how the mind works [Fodor on Turing]

18. Thought / B. Mechanics of Thought / 6. Artificial Thought / c. Turing Test

5321	In 50 years computers will successfully imitate humans with a 70% success rate [Turing]