Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for Empedocles, Henry Laycock and Max Black

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36 ideas

4. Formal Logic / F. Set Theory ST / 4. Axioms for Sets / j. Axiom of Choice IX
10196 The Axiom of Choice needs a criterion of choice [Black]
5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 4. Variables in Logic
12797 If plural variables have 'some values', then non-count variables have 'some value' [Laycock]
5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 6. Plural Quantification
12794 Plurals are semantical but not ontological [Laycock]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 4. Using Numbers / c. Counting procedure
17694 Some non-count nouns can be used for counting, as in 'several wines' or 'fewer cheeses' [Laycock]
17695 Some apparent non-count words can take plural forms, such as 'snows' or 'waters' [Laycock]
7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 5. Reason for Existence
458 Nothing could come out of nothing, and existence could never completely cease [Empedocles]
7. Existence / B. Change in Existence / 1. Nature of Change
5112 Empedocles says things are at rest, unless love unites them, or hatred splits them [Empedocles, by Aristotle]
7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 8. Stuff / a. Pure stuff
12792 The category of stuff does not suit reference [Laycock]
12799 Descriptions of stuff are neither singular aggregates nor plural collections [Laycock]
7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 8. Stuff / b. Mixtures
12818 We shouldn't think some water retains its identity when it is mixed with air [Laycock]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / b. Individuation by properties
10194 Two things can only be distinguished by a distinct property or a distinct relation [Black]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 6. Nihilism about Objects
13209 There is no coming-to-be of anything, but only mixing and separating [Empedocles, by Aristotle]
9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 8. Parts of Objects / a. Parts of objects
12795 Parts must be of the same very general type as the wholes [Laycock]
9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 10. Beginning of an Object
457 Substance is not created or destroyed in mortals, but there is only mixing and exchange [Empedocles]
9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 5. Self-Identity
10193 The 'property' of self-identity is uselessly tautological [Black]
9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 7. Indiscernible Objects
10195 If the universe just held two indiscernibles spheres, that refutes the Identity of Indiscernibles [Black]
13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 3. Subjectivism
462 One vision is produced by both eyes [Empedocles]
15. Nature of Minds / C. Capacities of Minds / 5. Generalisation by mind
17696 'Humility is a virtue' has an abstract noun, but 'water is a liquid' has a generic concrete noun [Laycock]
17. Mind and Body / A. Mind-Body Dualism / 3. Panpsychism
22765 Wisdom and thought are shared by all things [Empedocles]
18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 1. Thought
1524 For Empedocles thinking is almost identical to perception [Empedocles, by Theophrastus]
19. Language / B. Reference / 1. Reference theories
12791 It is said that proper reference is our intellectual link with the world [Laycock]
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 2. Values / j. Evil
552 Empedocles said good and evil were the basic principles [Empedocles, by Aristotle]
26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 1. Nature
589 'Nature' is just a word invented by people [Empedocles]
26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / e. The One
21823 The principle of 'Friendship' in Empedocles is the One, and is bodiless [Empedocles, by Plotinus]
26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / f. Ancient elements
2680 Empedocles said that there are four material elements, and two further creative elements [Empedocles, by Aristotle]
6002 Empedocles says bone is water, fire and earth in ratio 2:4:2 [Empedocles, by Inwood]
13207 Fire, Water, Air and Earth are elements, being simple as well as homoeomerous [Empedocles, by Aristotle]
459 All change is unity through love or division through hate [Empedocles]
13218 The elements combine in coming-to-be, but how do the elements themselves come-to-be? [Aristotle on Empedocles]
13225 Love and Strife only explain movement if their effects are distinctive [Aristotle on Empedocles]
460 If the one Being ever diminishes it would no longer exist, and what could ever increase it? [Empedocles]
27. Natural Reality / G. Biology / 3. Evolution
5090 Maybe bodies are designed by accident, and the creatures that don't work are destroyed [Empedocles, by Aristotle]
28. God / A. Divine Nature / 2. Divine Nature
466 God is pure mind permeating the universe [Empedocles]
461 God is a pure, solitary, and eternal sphere [Empedocles]
28. God / A. Divine Nature / 4. Divine Contradictions
1719 In Empedocles' theory God is ignorant because, unlike humans, he doesn't know one of the elements (strife) [Aristotle on Empedocles]
29. Religion / A. Polytheistic Religion / 2. Greek Polytheism
1522 It is wretched not to want to think clearly about the gods [Empedocles]