Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for Agrippa, Andreas Osiander and Marcus Rossberg

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17 ideas

2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 9. Limits of Reason

1815	Reasoning needs arbitrary faith in preliminary hypotheses (Mode 14) [Agrippa, by Diog. Laertius]

1812	All discussion is full of uncertainty and contradiction (Mode 11) [Agrippa, by Diog. Laertius]

1811	Proofs often presuppose the thing to be proved (Mode 15) [Agrippa, by Diog. Laertius]

1813	All reasoning endlessly leads to further reasoning (Mode 12) [Agrippa, by Diog. Laertius]

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 7. Second-Order Logic

10757

Henkin semantics has a second domain of predicates and relations (in upper case) [Rossberg]

10751

Second-order logic needs the sets, and its consequence has epistemological problems [Rossberg]

10759

There are at least seven possible systems of semantics for second-order logic [Rossberg]

5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 2. Types of Consequence

10753

Logical consequence is intuitively semantic, and captured by model theory [Rossberg]

5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 3. Deductive Consequence |-

10752

Γ |- S says S can be deduced from Γ; Γ |= S says a good model for Γ makes S true [Rossberg]

5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 1. Logical Form

10754

In proof-theory, logical form is shown by the logical constants [Rossberg]

5. Theory of Logic / J. Model Theory in Logic / 1. Logical Models

10756

A model is a domain, and an interpretation assigning objects, predicates, relations etc. [Rossberg]

5. Theory of Logic / J. Model Theory in Logic / 2. Isomorphisms

10758

If models of a mathematical theory are all isomorphic, it is 'categorical', with essentially one model [Rossberg]

5. Theory of Logic / K. Features of Logics / 4. Completeness

10761

Completeness can always be achieved by cunning model-design [Rossberg]

5. Theory of Logic / K. Features of Logics / 5. Incompleteness

10755

A deductive system is only incomplete with respect to a formal semantics [Rossberg]

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 2. Justification Challenges / a. Agrippa's trilemma

8850	Agrippa's Trilemma: justification is infinite, or ends arbitrarily, or is circular [Agrippa, by Williams,M]

13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 1. Relativism

1814	Everything is perceived in relation to another thing (Mode 13) [Agrippa, by Diog. Laertius]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / e. Lawlike explanations

15282

Facts should be deducible from the theory and initial conditions, and prefer the simpler theory [Osiander, by Harré/Madden]