Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Herodotus, [Roman law] and Gottfried Leibniz

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80 ideas

9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 2. Abstract Objects / a. Nature of abstracta
12990 Real (non-logical) abstract terms are either essences or accidents [Leibniz]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 2. Abstract Objects / c. Modern abstracta
12939 Wholly uniform things like space and numbers are mere abstractions [Leibniz]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Simples
13170 The analysis of things leads to atoms of substance, which found both composition and action [Leibniz]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / a. Individuation
12979 The only way we can determine individuals is by keeping hold of them [Leibniz]
12775 Things seem to be unified if we see duration, position, interaction and connection [Leibniz]
12701 Leibniz moved from individuation by whole entity to individuation by substantial form [Leibniz, by Garber]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / b. Individuation by properties
12971 If two individuals could be indistinguishable, there could be no principle of individuation [Leibniz]
19379 The law of the series, which determines future states of a substance, is what individuates it [Leibniz]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / c. Individuation by location
13098 We use things to distinguish places and times, not vice versa [Leibniz]
12693 A body is that which exists in space [Leibniz]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / d. Individuation by haecceity
13105 The laws-of-the-series plays a haecceitist role [Leibniz, by Cover/O'Leary-Hawthorne]
13075 No two things are quite the same, so there must be an internal principle of distinction [Leibniz]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 6. Nihilism about Objects
12953 Fluidity is basic, and we divide into bodies according to our needs [Leibniz]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 1. Unifying an Object / a. Intrinsic unification
12745 Philosophy needs the precision of the unity given by substances [Leibniz]
16513 Identity of a substance is the law of its persistence [Leibniz]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 1. Unifying an Object / b. Unifying aggregates
12699 A body would be endless disunited parts, if it did not have a unifying form or soul [Leibniz]
12921 Accidental unity has degrees, from a mob to a society to a machine or organism [Leibniz]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 1. Unifying an Object / c. Unity as conceptual
12746 We find unity in reason, and unity in perception, but these are not true unity [Leibniz]
12035 Leibniz bases pure primitive entities on conjunctions of qualitative properties [Leibniz, by Adams,RM]
13160 To exist and be understood, a multitude must first be reduced to a unity [Leibniz]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / a. Substance
19349 The complete notion of a substance implies all of its predicates or attributes [Leibniz]
12916 A body is a unified aggregate, unless it has an indivisible substance [Leibniz]
12919 Unity needs an indestructible substance, to contain everything which will happen to it [Leibniz]
12923 Every bodily substance must have a soul, or something analogous to a soul [Leibniz]
12716 The concept of forces or powers best reveals the true concept of substance [Leibniz]
13197 The notion of substance is one of the keys to true philosophy [Leibniz]
12943 Individuality is in the bond substance gives between past and future [Leibniz]
12776 Every substance is alive [Leibniz]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / b. Need for substance
12704 Aggregates don’t reduce to points, or atoms, or illusion, so must reduce to substance [Leibniz]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / c. Types of substance
7558 Substances mirror God or the universe, each from its own viewpoint [Leibniz]
13161 Substances are everywhere in matter, like points in a line [Leibniz]
13171 Substance must necessarily involve progress and change [Leibniz]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / d. Substance defined
12712 Substance is that which can act [Leibniz]
13091 Leibnizian substances add concept, law, force, form and soul [Leibniz, by Cover/O'Leary-Hawthorne]
11855 Substances cannot be bare, but have activity as their essence [Leibniz]
12756 Substance is a force for acting and being acted upon [Leibniz]
7561 Substances are essentially active [Leibniz, by Jolley]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / e. Substance critique
7931 If a substance is just a thing that has properties, it seems to be a characterless non-entity [Leibniz, by Macdonald,C]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 3. Unity Problems / d. Coincident objects
12970 We can imagine two bodies interpenetrating, as two rays of light seem to [Leibniz]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 3. Unity Problems / e. Vague objects
12986 The essence of baldness is vague and imperfect [Leibniz]
9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 2. Hylomorphism / b. Form as principle
16761 Forms are of no value in physics, but are indispensable in metaphysics [Leibniz]
9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 2. Hylomorphism / c. Form as causal
12715 Leibniz strengthened hylomorphism by connecting it to force in physics [Leibniz, by Garber]
9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 2. Hylomorphism / d. Form as unifier
12700 Form or soul gives unity and duration; matter gives multiplicity and change [Leibniz]
9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 7. Substratum
12968 A 'substratum' is just a metaphor for whatever supports several predicates [Leibniz]
9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 8. Parts of Objects / a. Parts of objects
12697 Indivisibles are not parts, but the extrema of parts [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 1. Essences of Objects
13432 The essence of a circle is the equality of its radii [Leibniz]
13088 Subjects include predicates, so full understanding of subjects reveals all the predicates [Leibniz]
13077 Basic predicates give the complete concept, which then predicts all of the actions [Leibniz]
12908 Essences exist in the divine understanding [Leibniz]
12743 A true being must (unlike a chain) have united parts, with a substantial form as its subject [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 3. Individual Essences
12931 Particular truths are just instances of general truths [Leibniz]
12811 We can't know individuals, or determine their exact individuality [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 4. Essence as Definition
12981 Essence is just the possibility of a thing [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 6. Essence as Unifier
12706 Bodies need a soul (or something like it) to avoid being mere phenomena [Leibniz]
12753 A substantial bond of powers is needed to unite composites, in addition to monads [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 7. Essence and Necessity / a. Essence as necessary properties
13083 The essence is the necessary properties, and the concept includes what is contingent [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 7. Essence and Necessity / b. Essence not necessities
13082 The complete concept of an individual includes contingent properties, as well as necessary ones [Leibniz]
13189 A necessary feature (such as air for humans) is not therefore part of the essence [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 8. Essence as Explanatory
5057 If you fully understand a subject and its qualities, you see how the second derive from the first [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 9. Essence and Properties
13191 The properties of a thing flow from its essence [Leibniz]
11878 Leibniz's view (that all properties are essential) is extreme essentialism, not its denial [Leibniz, by Mackie,P]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 10. Essence as Species
12906 Truths about species are eternal or necessary, but individual truths concern what exists [Leibniz]
12987 For some sorts, a member of it is necessarily a member [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 12. Essential Parts
12884 The same whole ceases to exist if a part is lost [Leibniz]
12781 A composite substance is a mere aggregate if its essence is just its parts [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 13. Nominal Essence
12975 We have a distinct idea of gold, to define it, but not a perfect idea, to understand it [Leibniz]
12805 If two people apply a single term to different resemblances, they refer to two different things [Leibniz]
12806 Locke needs many instances to show a natural kind, but why not a single instance? [Leibniz, by Jolley]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 14. Knowledge of Essences
12694 Essence is the distinct thinkability of anything [Leibniz]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 15. Against Essentialism
11862 Leibniz was not an essentialist [Leibniz, by Wiggins]
9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 1. Objects over Time
13182 Changeable accidents are modifications of unchanging essences [Leibniz]
9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 9. Ship of Theseus
12972 Bodies, like Theseus's ship, are only the same in appearance, and never strictly the same [Leibniz]
9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 1. Concept of Identity
19394 Inequality can be brought infinitely close to equality [Leibniz]
9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 7. Indiscernible Objects
16504 Two eggs can't be identical, because the same truths can't apply to both of them [Leibniz]
5055 No two things are totally identical [Leibniz]
13178 Things in different locations are different because they 'express' those locations [Leibniz]
19411 In nature there aren't even two identical straight lines, so no two bodies are alike [Leibniz]
19412 If two bodies only seem to differ in their position, those different environments will matter [Leibniz]
17554 There must be some internal difference between any two beings in nature [Leibniz]
9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 9. Sameness
8650 Things are the same if one can be substituted for the other without loss of truth [Leibniz]