Combining Philosophers
Ideas for Rescher,N/Oppenheim,P, Ren Descartes and Empedocles
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18 ideas
13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 4. Foundationalism / a. Foundationalism
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24021
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The method starts with clear intuitions, followed by a process of deduction [Descartes]
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3606
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I was searching for reliable rock under the shifting sand [Descartes]
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2247
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To achieve good science we must rebuild from the foundations [Descartes]
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2255
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Only one certainty is needed for progress (like a lever's fulcrum) [Descartes]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 4. Foundationalism / b. Basic beliefs
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5004
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We can know basic Principles without further knowledge, but not the other way round [Descartes]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 1. Scepticism
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2251
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Even if my body and objects are imaginary, there may be simpler things which are true [Descartes]
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6347
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Descartes can't begin again, because sceptics doubt cognitive processes as well as beliefs [Pollock/Cruz on Descartes]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 3. Illusion Scepticism
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2296
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If pain is felt in a lost limb, I cannot be certain that a felt pain exists in my real limbs [Descartes]
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3620
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We correct sense errors with other senses, not intellect [Mersenne on Descartes]
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3619
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The senses can only report, so perception errors are in the judgment [Gassendi on Descartes]
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2249
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It is prudent never to trust your senses if they have deceived you even once [Descartes]
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3621
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Only judgement decides which of our senses are reliable [Descartes]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 4. Demon Scepticism
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2253
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God may have created nothing, but made his creation appear to me as it does now [Descartes]
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2254
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To achieve full scepticism, I imagine a devil who deceives me about the external world and my own body and senses [Descartes]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 5. Dream Scepticism
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2305
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Waking actions are joined by memory to all our other actions, unlike actions of which we dream [Descartes]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 6. Scepticism Critique
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3604
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When rebuilding a house, one needs alternative lodgings [Descartes]
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2294
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I can only sense an object if it is present, and can't fail to sense it when it is [Descartes]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 3. Subjectivism
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462
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One vision is produced by both eyes [Empedocles]
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