Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Herodotus, A.J. Ayer and E.M. Cioran

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6 ideas

11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 1. Certainty
Convictions are failures to study anything thoroughly [Cioran]
Only tautologies can be certain; other propositions can only be probable [Ayer]
Opinions are fine, but having convictions means something has gone wrong [Cioran]
11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 5. Cogito Critique
To say 'I am not thinking' must be false, but it might have been true, so it isn't self-contradictory [Ayer]
'I know I exist' has no counterevidence, so it may be meaningless [Ayer]
Knowing I exist reveals nothing at all about my nature [Ayer]