Combining Philosophers

Ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Churchland / Churchland and A.J. Ayer

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4 ideas

11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 1. Certainty

5183	Only tautologies can be certain; other propositions can only be probable [Ayer]

11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 5. Cogito Critique

19461

Knowing I exist reveals nothing at all about my nature [Ayer]

19459

To say 'I am not thinking' must be false, but it might have been true, so it isn't self-contradictory [Ayer]

19460

'I know I exist' has no counterevidence, so it may be meaningless [Ayer]